A presente tese se debruça sobre as relações complexas e dinâmicas emergentes entre o espaço
rural e urbano nos municípios de Santa Izabel do Pará e Santo Antônio do Tauá. A análise em
questão é sustentada por uma compreensão que procurou se aprofundar na influência da
disseminação metropolitana sobre esses territórios, onde as intrincadas dinâmicas territoriais e
culturais desempenham um papel fundamental, evidenciando-se através das transformações do
uso da terra em ambientes considerados rurais. O epicentro dessa pesquisa reside na proposição
intrínseca de que as metamorfoses nas interfaces rural e urbanas estão incitando uma
reconfiguração econômica substancial no âmbito do uso da terra dessas localidades. Nos locais
onde as estruturas urbanas estão mais presentes, emerge a figura das Áreas de Periurbanização
(APs), ao passo que nos espaços rurais mais remotos florescem, o que denominamos de
Dinâmicas de um Novo Rural (DNRs). Estas manifestações empíricas contrariam a premissa
tradicional que sugere que a disseminação urbana resulta na absorção completa do rural. As
DNRs denotam um determinado padrão de uso da terra, concomitantemente a alterações no
perfil produtivo tradicional do rural local, originando-se em uma complexa e híbrida intercessão
entre o rural e o urbano. Para embasar essa abordagem, este estudo explora fundamentos
conceituais sobre a interface entre campo e cidade conhecida como Periurbano e, finalmente, a
conceituação do Novo Rural, tendo como uma importante delimitação a Região Imediata de
Belém. Em síntese, esta investigação tem como desígnio primordial evidenciar que o contexto
rural nesta parcela do estado do Pará está passando por transformações profundas em sua
estrutura tradicional, engendrando novas configurações nas relações campo-cidade. Nesse
ínterim, emerge a gestão pública municipal como um elemento de magnitude indispensável à
compreensão dos conceitos de rural e urbano, bem como para a instrução de políticas de
desenvolvimento, a exemplo dos territórios municipais sob investigação. Destarte, a conclusão
inarredável é que o reconhecimento lúcido e abalizado da reorganização e ressignificação do
rural torna-se um imperativo crucial para uma governança eficaz e contextualmente pertinente
a tais dinâmicas territoriais. Nesse contexto, emerge a necessidade premente de uma abordagem
mais abrangente e sistemática voltada a enfrentar os desafios latentes e capitalizar as
oportunidades emergentes inerentes a essas novas relações entre o rural e o urbano no contexto
municipal.

Na região amazônica, a implantação de Grandes Projetos de investimento deu origem a
uma sequência de repercussões nas áreas em que estão integrados, antes e depois do
processo de construção, portanto, compreender essas alterações assume uma
importância primordial. Esta tese apresenta a análise sobre as implicações no
ordenamento territorial urbano da cidade de Vitória do Xingu, destacando assim a
natureza intrínseca do ordenamento territorial que muitas vezes envolve conexões
complexas e é marcado por várias disputas políticas. O novo ordenamento territorial
urbano em Vitória do Xingu abrange o dilema entre atender às demandas da sociedade
ao acesso aos bens e serviços urbanos, ao mesmo tempo em que aborda o anacronismo
de instrumentos administrativos, regulatórios e normativos. Deste modo, a pesquisa tem
como objetivo analisar as mudanças nas práticas de gestão e ordenamento territorial em
Vitória do Xingu a partir da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte (UHBM),
pois ordenamento territorial é entendido como um instrumento de articulação
interinstitucional e de articulação transetorial, que tem como propósito um planejamento
integrado e articulado junto à ação pública, consequentemente, dado à compatibilidade
de políticas públicas no rebatimento do espaço integrado à ação do poder público.
Portanto, compete estabelecer um diagnóstico do território, aferindo as demandas de
modo que venha compor o escopo da tese, articulado com as políticas públicas nas quais
permitirá analisar o rebatimento do ordenamento e gestão territorial que visa realizar os
objetivos estratégicos impostos pelo governo. Desta forma, tem como propósito projetar
meios de transformação para sociedade, estabelecendo relações possíveis para o
desvelamento do real, buscando elementos e conexões entre os diferentes aspectos que
caracterizam a realidade, deste modo o fenômeno investigado é analisado ou
compreendido a partir da totalidade.

A agricultura e a pecuária na Amazônia tem sido alvo de muitas críticas nos últimos quarenta anos, pois são apontadas como as principais responsáveis pelos desmatamentos e queimadas. No entanto, existem tecnologias atuais que possibilitam uma agricultura mais sustentável, que concilia a oferta de matéria-prima e a geração de renda com a conservação e a preservação da Amazônia, sem a necessidade de abrir novas áreas. Ainda que as atividades agropecuárias tenham se intensificado com a construção da Rodovia Transamazônica, no começo dos anos 1970, e Pacajá tenha se tornado um município somente no ano de 1988, o modelo de produção de gado não mudou muito, permanecendo de forma extensiva. Assim, a demanda por novas pastagens continuou ano após ano, colocando o município em uma situação de quase insustentabilidade e sob a pressão de políticas de controle do desmatamento, como por exemplo as ações do arco do fogo, iniciadas no começo dos anos 2010. Para compreender a formação do espaço agrário em Pacajá, é necessário esclarecer alguns pontos, pois se nota que há um processo de produção do espaço agrário no município provocado pelo Estado e outros agentes, por meio de políticas públicas que impuseram sistemas produtivos que exigem alta intensidade de trabalho, pouco capital investido e que usam baixo nível técnico e tecnológico. Esses sistemas produtivos que se repetiram ao longo das últimas décadas, é necessário entender se os sistemas de produção tiveram avanços técnicos ao longo do tempo e qual o impacto que esses processos causaram sobre a produção do espaço agrário do município. A partir da análise dos fatores históricos ocorridos desde a abertura da Rodovia Transamazônica, abordando desde o projeto de colonização da região, passando pelas políticas públicas de crédito e de assentamentos rurais, o presente trabalho se propõe a descrever o meio natural compreender como os sistemas de produção se consolidaram, identificando os conjuntos de práticas produtivas utilizadas por produtores rurais. Após a tipificação dos produtores, o detalhamento de suas trajetórias, seus sistemas de produção e suas práticas agropecuárias, chegou-se à conclusão de que houve baixa incremento técnico ao longo dos anos nos sistemas de produção e o impacto na produção de um espaço desordenado é significativo.

The thesis examines the living conditions of resettled youth affected by the compulsory displacement caused by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant in the Xingu Integration Region, Pará, Amazon. The study reveals the complexity of the changes and challenges faced by the youth and provides insights, should similar projects be planned for the region. The compulsory displacement resulted in the rupture of material and immaterial ties with their former territories, leading to the reconfiguration of spatial dynamics. However, these young people have shown resilience, building multiple identities and subjectivities to overcome socio-spatial inequalities. Although the resettlements offer better physical facilities, socio-spatial segregation persists, and youth continue to face challenges in their daily lives. The research highlights the importance of considering not only physical infrastructure but also the economic, social, and cultural dimensions in the conception of such projects. A critical aspect is the need to consider the multiple temporalities involved in these processes, recognizing that each resettled youth has a unique trajectory and experiences. The thesis points to the importance of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach in analyzing the impacts of large projects in the region, focusing on the well-being of local communities, especially youth facing real and significant challenges in constructing their urban spatialities. The study reveals various aspects of youth in the Collective Urban Resettlements (RUC) Jatobá and Laranjeiras, highlighting their interactions with various spaces in the city of Altamira-PA, such as the labor market, riverside practices, urban spaces, social movements, motherhood, government assistance, criminalization, and violence.

This project is oriented within the research line of territorial dynamics. It is an investigation that focuses on the daily life of the Nasa indigenous people in the city of Popayán, Cauca, Colombia, located in the southwest of the country. This indigenous community is the third largest ethnic group in Colombia, with their native language being Nasa Yuwe, and they generally reside in protected areas. The general objective of this study was to understand the daily life of the Nasa indigenous people in the urban space of Popayán. This research stems from the need to ascertain whether this indigenous community still preserves and practices its customs and traditions, as well as the causes or reasons that led this population to relocate to urban areas. To identify the territorial dynamics of the Nasa People, guiding questions were posed: What are the consequences of the arrival of ancestral peoples in urban areas? How do the Nasa indigenous people relate to and adapt to the city? How does this affect the urban life of the Nasa indigenous people? And what customs and traditions are affected by being in the urban space? The main hypothesis is that the Nasa indigenous people strive to survive as an indigenous community despite having to live in an urban space. The theoretical basis is Lefebvre's dialectical method, which analyzes urban space in three dimensions: conceived, lived, and perceived. Methodologically, semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders, common people, young men, and women in December 2022 to understand their lives in the urban space as Nasa indigenous people from different perspectives. Similarly, cartography workshops were conducted to identify their perception of the urban space they inhabit. From the results of this research, it was identified that the Nasa indigenous people living in the city of Popayán start their lives in the urban space with some difficulties, but gradually adapt. Furthermore, it was found that they still practice traditional medicine, engage in weaving, perform rituals, some members speak their native language, and wear their traditional clothing. Additionally, it was identified that the indigenous community engages in community processes and territorial governance. In general conclusion, it can be said that this group brings their culture to the spaces where they develop their territorial dynamics and highlights the need for public policies that accompany indigenous peoples migrating to urban areas for their adaptation and cultural strengthening, as current policies are often not designed with the ethnic diversity of cities in mind. Keywords: city, lived space, daily life, Nasa indigenous people, Colombia.

This research has as its theme: the city's relationship with the river and the coastal space in the Pará Amazon. As an object of study, it points to the production of urban space based on the city-river relationship and the coastal space. The locus of investigation is Maracanã/PA, a riverside-coastal city of ancient colonization in the Amazon of Pará, which had its dynamics changed over time by different processes of territorial modernization. It is an urban nucleus linked to the organization pattern of the Amazon river-floodland-forest space (GONÇALVES, 2015), with its economic dynamics linked to the past and the riverways, revealing the city's articulation with a temporality not fully assimilated by the new activities and recently implemented ways of life. Given this, the central objective is to analyze the socio-spatial changes and permanence manifested in the relationship between the city of Maracanã and the river and the coastal space, given the territorial dynamics of roads, fishing modernization, tourism and Conservation Units (CU). The guiding question seeks to know: how the production of urban space has occurred in the city of Maracanã, considering the dialectic of riverside sociospatial changes and permanence intrinsic to the city-river relationship and the coastal space, given the territorial dynamics, derived from the action of the State and the interest of capital? The main hypothesis maintains that, in the process of coexistence of intra-urban socio-spatial changes and permanence, the riverside-coastal dynamics of Maracanã/PA continues to produce a space of resistance with Amazonian characteristics, typical of the dynamics that the city establishes as a river and a coastal space. This has occurred even in the face of transformative territorial modernization that comes from State action and the interest of capital, such as the opening of PA-127, fishing modernization, tourism and the Conservation Unit (UC) Maracanã Extractive Reserve, institutionalized in the County. The social production of space is used as a basic theory, from a Lefebvrian perspective, as well as its application to studies of regional urban diversity, using qualitative research techniques. As a result of this investigation, the hypothesis initially highlighted was confirmed. Thus, the city of Maracanã continues to produce a space of resistance with Amazonian characteristics, which Rente Neto and Furtado (2015, p. 159) called “ribeirinity”, typical of the dynamics that the city establishes as a river and a coastal space. Thus, the Maracanã River in the coastal space continues to have great socioeconomic and cultural importance, although the city currently has a bimodal transport character, with the road as the most used route. Therefore, the city of Maracanã continues to maintain a strong relationship between the river and the coastal space and manifests characteristics of an authentic riverside-coastal city, due to its location; by historical genesis; due to its strong relationship with its immediate surroundings; by values; by daily habits and economic dynamics linked to traditional activities, through the river. Keywords: City. riverine-coastal. Changes. Stays. Coastal space. Ribeirinity

This research addresses issues related to the territoriality of residents of RUC São Joaquim, in Altamira-PA, after the change processed by the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant on the Xingu river. Since they had a socio-spatial organization built in the lived space of the city's lowlands, which the entrepreneur from Belo Monte called ADA. In this context, it was considered necessary to try to understand the continuous process of building identity and the affirmation of the principle of territoriality in the constitution of its territory. Therefore, the problem of this research consists of answering the following question: How has the construction of new territorialities and the identity of belonging of these subjects been taking place in the construction of their territorial bonds? To answer this question, the main objective of the research is to analyze the process of building territorial bonds of identity and belonging from the subjects affected by RUC São Joaquim. Having the specific objectives of a) Investigating what the relationships of belonging and sociability were like between subjects before Belo Monte; b) Understand how the process of moving to RUC São Joaquim took place and its consequences for residents; and c) Understand the territorialities of the subjects in relation to RUC São Joaquim, identifying the processes related to multiterritorialities. The research has an explanatory nature based on a qualitative approach to the proposed topic. The methodological path of structuring and developing this research sought paths that not only allowed understanding, but also the appreciation of the subjects' interpretations of the investigated object combined with the data collection and processing parameters of information obtained in interviews during field activities, which were analyzed based on the proposed theoretical framework. It can be seen that the residents of this RUC present a crossed reality marked by nostalgia for the territoriality that was perceived, lived and conceived in the ADA, demonstrating a multiterritoriality in the continuous process of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization based on the territorial dynamics imposed by UHE Belo Monte.
Keywords: Territory; Territorialities; Multiterritorialities; Identities; RUC São Joaquim; UHE Belo Monte.

This article had aimed to analyze the concepto of space production with real estate finance capital, but specifically in neighborhood of Umarizal in Belém(PA), having as object the impacto of financialization of the house after arrival of the real estate market in the neighborhood of Umarizal In this sense, we seek to inquire about the observed changes, in the referred neighborhood in question, if these modifications were similar in other cities in Brazil.The implementation of public policies by the state for the revitalization of the city center is observed, where we observe an adaptation of the city, in the new logic of the capital, according to the interests of the developers. the research was developed firstly, through a bibliographical survey, of the authors who analyze the concept of space production and the housing financialization process both national authors as Carlos, Fix, Rolnik; international authors as Harvey, Gottdierner and local authors as Ventura Neto, Cardoso and Lima; through data collection, we observed the projects built through graphs, mapping of the constructions made by the construction companies. we conclude that there was a decrease in the construction of projects between 2009- 2017; there was also an intensification of the public-private partnership.

Key Words: Financialization, Real estate Market, Space Production

The Amazon has an extensive coastline consisting of 35% of the Brazilian coast, and the
Amazon coastal zone starts in Cabo Orange, in Amapá, to Ponta de Tubarão (State of
Maranhão) measuring approximately 3,044 km in length. The beaches of Crispim, Bora and
Marudá make up the coastal area of Marapanim, located in the northeast region of the state
of Pará and 153 km away from the capital Belém, being PA-318 state highway the main
access route to Marapanim. Marudá beach has the highest tourist demand, with an
infrastructure of bars, restaurants, hotels, residences and inns. In 2011, the government of
the state of Pará built the urbanized edge of the district in order to increase tourism, which
contributes to a significant rise in the flow of tourists over the region. However, this growth
was not followed by an improvement in urban infrastructure, since most streets are not
paved, have low light, no adequate sewage system and lack of regular garbage collection.
On the other hand, Bora beach is still an unexplored coastal environment, due to its access
being exclusively by river, through small boats that leave Porto do Sossego in Marudá. The
three coastal environments are characterized by the regime of semidiurnal macrotidal with
up to 5.2 meters in amplitude, in which the high incidence of waves and tidal currents reach
the beaches directly, altering the coastline and favoring the occurrence of erosion and coastal
accretion. The population located on the edges of Crispim and Marudá suffers recurrent
exposure to processes of erosion and coastal accretion that affect the coastal beaches of
Marapanim in different ways, in this sense, the elaboration of the coastal vulnerability map
aims to identify the coastal sectors vulnerable to these natural events in order to support
management plans to relocate and prevent anthropogenic occupation in order to minimize
damage to local people and vacationers. The methodology consists of literature review and
published data, definition of physical variables during future field work to be carried out,
acquisition and analysis of satellite images, classification of variables into units, assigning
vulnerability values through the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) on a scale from 1 to 3 for
later mapping of Crispim, Bora and Marudá beaches. The partial results are in the stage of
construction of the theoretical framework for further field research.

Key words: Vulnerability. Coastline. Erosion

Não informado.

The present study had as a spatial cut the Providência channel in the neighborhood of Maracangalha, in the city of Belém, which is part of the sub-watershed of Val-de-Cans. The dissertation aimed to subsidize proposals for the requalification of the urban canal of Providência, taking into account spatial, social, and environmental issues. Since, the case in question illustrates a panorama in which the canal has been going through several environmental problems such as the release of domestic sewage, residential urban solid waste (garbage), irregular occupations on the banks of the said canal, an issue that has evolved into a geoenvironmental framework of degradation, due to the intense process of urban expansion in the area around the canal, which corresponds to its floodplain. Thus, the importance of this dissertation is justified as a form of subsidy for a proposal for the requalification of the Providência channel through systems of environmental indicators, such as the methodology Pressure – State – Impact – Response (PSIR). This work was carried out through literature review, field observations, questionnaires, and elaboration of maps, as a way to elucidate the research. As well as the use of the PSIR matrix, which was thought to provide a general mechanism to analyze environmental problems, bringing the idea that the environment is a system of multiple interactions, according to Ariza and Araújo Neto (2010). According to the authors, the methodology is advantageous because it is easily adjustable to different realities and, thus, can be an important instrument in public management, mainly because it shows the connection between the various elements that make up the environmental system (Ariza; Araújo Neto, 2010, p.133). The results of the investigation favor an understanding of the anthropic action on the Providência canal, corroborating a high degree of degradation of the water body, and that the requalification of the Providência canal, linked to a participatory urban and environmental management, is the best possible solution to improve the environmental indexes of the said channel.

The object of this research is the Ver-o-Peso Fair, located in the city of Belém do Pará,
as a popularly activated territorial heritage. That is, it intends to understand the fair as a
territory where sociocultural practices and popular memorials, ancestral knowledge and
doings, maintained by subjects historically subalternized by the processes of territorial
formation in Latin America, resist; and to investigate what risks this heritage-territory
faces in the face of urbanization, especially the processes of global patrimonialization.
The following objectives are proposed: to identify and analyze which elements and
practices of Amazonian culture give notoriety to the Ver-o-Peso Fair, as a popularly
activated territorial heritage facing risks in the face of the global patrimonialization
process; to identify who are the subjects that activate and how the popular activation of
the territorial heritage of the Ver-o-Peso Fair is constituted; and to identify which risks
the territorial heritage faces in the face of global patrimonialization. Thus, we start from
the dialectical relationship between the urban economy, global patrimonialization and
activated territorial heritage, to investigate the fair from the problem-questions: Which
elements and practices of the Amazonian culture consecrate the Ver-o-Peso Fair as a
popularly activated territorial heritage, facing risks in the face of the global
patrimonialization process? And more specific questions, such as: Who are the subjects
that activate the territorial heritage of the Ver-o-Peso Fair and resist the processes of
global patrimonialization? How is the popular activation of the territorial heritage of the
Ver-o-Peso Fair, faced with the process of global patrimonialization? What are the risks
faced by the popular cultural elements and practices that make Feira do Ver-o-Peso a
territorial heritage in face of global patrimonialization? The geographical approach to the

research is guided by the historical-dialectical materialist method, starting from the inter-
scalar dimension of the universal - particular - singular movement of contemporary

urbanization, in order to understand how the mechanisms of global patrimonialization are
particularized in the Central Area of Belém and land on a social fact represented by a
territory appropriated secularly by sociocultural relations. In this way, the cultural
dimension of the territory is privileged, whose thesis is based on the perspective of
heritage utopisms, as a theoretical-methodological proposal focused on the Latin
American reality, seeking to understand the spatial contradictions and social
vulnerabilities generated by the universal Eurocentric logic of global
urbanization/patrimonialization particularized in the Ver-o-Peso Fair. And at the same
time, capture elements and values of spatial order that activate and highlight the Fair as a
territory guardian of memories and ancestral social and cultural practices. The research
found that heritage utopianisms are already underway at the fair, ratifying the thesis that:
the Ver-o-Peso fair is an Amazonian heritage-territory popularly activated and
fundamental for the maintenance of ancestral life, from the metropolis. It is represented
by the singularities of handicrafts, herbs and medicinal remedies, typical spices such as
Maniva and Tucupi, and Afro-religious elements and practices. However, it is impacted
by contemporary urbanization mechanisms, such as: urban requalification projects and
heritage policies aimed at the tourist market, which trigger risks of re-signification and
loss of identity. Thus, the thesis brings a contribution to the debate of the contradictions
linked to heritage, to rethink new proposals for preservation, from the existential
perspective of the subjects that compose it.

Keywords: contemporary urbanization, cultural heritage, popular fair, territorial identity.

The Marujada of the São Benedito and São Sebastião is a religious festival, held in the
municipality of Tracuateua, located in the Amazon region and in the northeast of the
state of Pará. With the participation of the Catholic Church, this festivity has been
happening in the municipality since, probably 1921, counting more than a century. It is
a traditional festival present in six (6) municipalities of the bragantina microregion
(Pará) and has in its organization, collective practices that incorporate in the festive
space, a tradition of dance and African rhythms brought to this region in the XVIII
century. This study had as main objective to analyze the organization of the territories
and territorialities in the festival of the Marujada of the São Benedito and São Sebastião
of Tracuateua/PA and the articulation of territorial agents in their territorialization
processes. We start from the premise that a celebration as complex as the Marujada
of Tracuateua, in a feast of saints, required at least the following strategies of of study:
a) a brief description of the ritualistic process and the way its makers understand it in
the feast; b) the analysis of the forms of connections, through the roles and
performances played between sailors and sailors of the Feast with their rituals, as well
as the hierarchy developed among the category of participants; c) understanding of
the territorial organization of the party, listing each symbol and symbolic objects of the
festive space; d) the analysis of the forms of articulations, through the uses, domains
and relations of services between the different agents and the attributions and links of
these territorial agents. As methodological procedures, we started with a bibliographic
review, accompanied by a documentary research for the maturation of the concepts
and analytical categories of the study, since it is a qualitative research with dialectical
approach. For this, the following research techniques were used: participant
observation, semi-structured interviews and virtual forms. The results of the research
indicated that in the process of territorialization of Marujada of Tracuateua we realized
that the relationships built spaces of disputes, where the festive practice was
aggregated in the various forms of domain defined in the space of tracuateuense
tradition, producing multiple territories such as: tradition and resistance; the religious
agent managed by the church; the political conquered by municipal public
management and the alternatives ordered by local merchants and vendors. The result
of the research also showed that the configurations produced and administered by the
agents, established the construction of a territorial heritage that is embodied, in
particular, in the festive symbolism, revealed by the territorial elements experienced in
the multiple festive territorialities of Marujada de Tracuateua. Therefore, this festival
develops a plan of territorially constructed strategies, which constitutes Marujada as a
living territorial heritage, maintained by the recognition of the subjects and makers of
this festival.

Keywords: Territory, Territoriality; Feast of the Marujada; Heritage-territorial.

The process of insertion of the Amazon selected strategic places, causing the
redefinition of the urban network, differentiation of cities and the resignification of
small towns. In this sense, this work analyzes the production of space due to sport
fishing in a small town in the Amazon, more specifically located in the coastal area of
Northeast Pará, called the Salgado microregion, which is the city of São Caetano de
Odivelas. The general objective of the research is to analyze the extent to which sport
fishing contributed to the socio-spatial organization of that city, in addition to
understanding the change in the role that this city assumes in the course of historical
time. The methodology adopted to reach the proposed proposals started from
bibliographical revisions of a historical-geographical nature to understand the socio-
spatial formation; of a theoretical nature, aiming at adjusting the research to the main
concepts seen; in addition to document analysis. Field work took place between the
years 2020 and 2023 in order to collect data that could bring greater understanding of
the main processes, forms and agents linked to the research object. Several interviews,
photographic records, “informal” conversations and information that enabled the
production of cartographic materials were carried out. The hypothesis presented is that
the production of the urban space of the small town of São Caetano de Odivelas is being
produced in an expressive way by sport fishing, a capitalized activity, brought in the
process of modernization of the Amazonian territory that ends up placing this city in a
different function from that of that existed in the colonial period.

Key-words: Space product, little cities in the Amazon, sport fishing.

The contributions of the Urban Geography of Health are of broad relevance in understanding
the territorial logic of the Primary Health Care Network operating in the Metropolitan Region
of Belém, which follows the collective health model of the Family Health Strategy present in
Basic Health Units - the so-called territorialization of the Unified Health System. In this sense,
this research aims to analyze the territorial constitution of the public primary health care
network and the market logic of popular private health care - exemplified in the popular medical
clinics located in Belém and its metropolitan region - with a focus on understanding the
processes of diffusion and permanence of popular clinics, in view of the apparent fragmentation
of the Primary Health Care Network in the country - the deterritorialization of the public health
system). For a deeper analysis, a review of relevant documents was made, such as: The Organic
Health Law (Law No. 8,080/1990); the Belem Municipal Health Plan (for the period 2018-
2021); and the National Primary Care Policy (PNAB – of 2012 and 2017). The discussion is
based on the observation of primary and secondary data, provided by the DATASUS-CNES
system, and information, captured in the fieldwork in 2022, with the application of
questionnaires in the 119 clinics located in the Metropolitan Region of Belem. Some findings
indicated that the public primary care network operating in the region follows a pattern of a
deterritorialized gateway, within a traditional care model, according to spontaneous demand,
without the full territorial coverage of the Family Health teams, denoting the existence of two
gateways to public health: the territorialized one, made by the Family Health Strategy; and the
non-territorialized one, consisting of the traditional Basic Health Units care, without the
presence of Family Health teams. The popular health clinics have benefited from this aspect in
recent years, as well as from the underfunding of the public system, particularly the Primary
Care network, which is going through fragmentation and deterritorialization processes,
considering the reduction and disarticulation of its multiprofessional teams, after the updates of
the norms of the National Primary Care Policy, adding to the losses from the supplementary
health sector. However, these popular clinics offer an unfinished and contradictory care model,
besides being discontinuous, which is why a large portion of their users are returned to the
national health system. Although the country's public health has been thought within the
principles of universality, integrality, and equity, the Unified Health System follows as a mixed
model and of questionable universalization, in its controversial association with the private
sector, which results in losses to public health, generating economic barriers that prevent free
care. In agreement with this assumption, the territoriality of high complexity medicine in the
region of Belém is mostly formed by the private network, which has ample vacancies reserved
for the Brazilian health system. However, the availability of high complexity resources in the
private sector should not be thought of as universal coverage, given the fact that the forms of
access to these services present filters of a legal-institutional nature or, in other words, what the
Unified Health System calls hospitals with open or closed doors to universal access.

This study analyzes the Festa de São Benedito in the city of Bragança, state of Pará. It is one of
the events of greatest cultural and religious expression in the Northeast Paraense region. Saint
Benedict is the saint considered to be the patron Saint and has an expressive representativity in
Bragança. The problematic of this study involves the investigation of the territoriality of the
festival, as well as the action of the agents of patrimonialization and tourism in the Festa de São
Benedito in Bragança, Pará. The problem-questions of this research are the following: How did
the process of constitution of the Feast of Saint Benedict in the territory of Bragança occur?
How can the Festa de São Benedito be identified as a cultural heritage and an element of cultural
resistance in Bragança? How do the processes of patrimonialization occur in the Feast of Saint
Benedict in Bragança and what are the implications and conflicts among the agents? Are there
elements that identify a process of tourism of the Feast of Saint Benedict in Bragança? The
general objective of this research is to analyze the territory of Bragança based on territoriality,
the processes of heritage and tourism of the Festa de São Benedito, as well as its issues and
conflicts. Such purpose is subdivided into the following specific objectives: To understand the
process of constitution of the Feast of Saint Benedict in Bragança; To identify how the Feast of
Saint Benedict can be a cultural heritage of the place and an element of cultural resistance in
the city of Bragança. To understand the processes and agents linked to the heritage of the Festa
de São Benedito and the implications and conflicts between them in the Bragantine territory;
To analyze the specificities of the tourism process in Bragança, especially during the Festa de
São Benedito in Bragança. In order to reach the proposed objectives, bibliographic and
documental research and analysis were carried out, as well as semi-structured interviews, in
loco observations and the application of surveys. Through this research it was possible to
identify that the process of constitution of the Festa de São Benedito occurred with popular
participation, but that it was also marked by conflicts between the Church and the civil
brotherhood of the Marujada, a situation that lasted until the mid-1980s. It was also found that
the Festa de São Benedito is an element of cultural resistance in the city of Bragança, for
through its religious and cultural rituals it has resisted throughout more than 200 years of
history. The heritage and tourism processes were analyzed in this research, not as established
processes, but it was possible to identify elements and agents who take part in

The old Railway Belém-Bragança (RBB), which operated effectively from 1883 to 1965, contributed to the socio-spatial formation of several cities that were located in the former Bragantina Zone (ZB), largely constituted today by the northeast of Pará. Among the cities included in this process, Benevides, Castanhal, Igarapé-Açu and Bragança (located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém and in the Northeast Region of Pará), are chosen as locus-cities, for having been carriers of railway branches; nodal points of connection with other locations and trading posts of relevant importance in the territorial expansion at that time. In such cities, the railway complex of Bragantina produced a railway cultural heritage (material and immaterial), which remains active in the reminiscences (memories) of local residents, especially the oldest ones. This situation leads us to and motivates us to a central objective in the study that proposes to analyze how the spatialization of the RBB, within the former ZB, contributed to the production of space and, consequently, to the formation of a memory related to the railway cultural heritage in the cities in question. For this purpose, some specific objectives were also taken into account, such as: understanding how the introduction of the RBB influenced the production of space in the former ZB and in the research locuscities; apprehend the interface between the railway cultural heritage and the FCPs in such cities and, finally, understand how the resumption of the memory of the railway cultural heritage contributes to the appreciation of the local socio-spatial formation. Regarding the methodological procedures, a bibliographical and documental review and previous field observation were carried out, aiming at the selection of relevant social actors and institutional agents for the application of the interview investigation technique. The theoretical-conceptual discussion turned to the concepts of space and form-content (SANTOS, 1977, 1982, 2004); Memory (HALBWACHS, 1990; NORA, 1984; ABREU, 1998) and cultural heritage (CHOAY, 2001; CRUZ, 2012; RODRIGUES, 2017; CASTRO and MONASTIRSKY, 2013). Such an essay involves a qualitative and quantitative research with a dialectical approach that aims to support the process that involves the socio-spatial contradictions present in the research object of the thesis. Documental research and interviews were necessary to carry out a mapping of the most representative (FCP) of the railway period, as well as to analyze the heritage policies (official and non-official), which contributed to the recovery and preservation of the local railway heritage. Therefore, through the resumption of the memory of the railway cultural heritage, it was possible to reach the places of memory (NORA, 1984), which, due to their significant references and representation value, are considered as FCPs; that keep within themselves accumulated temporalities and spaces, which can be retaken and analyzed through a process of periodization in the cities in question.

In order to contribute to the studies on the effectiveness of geography teaching-learning processes in the development of youth critical thinking, this work introduces an analysis of the criticality of young students, segregated in the context of the implementation of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant in Altamira/PA, between 2009 and 2021. To this end, three axes constitute the basis of this work’s analytical strategy: an account of some common impacts from large Brazilian hydroelectric projects in comparison to the transformations that occurred in the municipality of Altamira due to the construction of such hydroelectric plant; the characterization of compulsorily displaced communities, especially children and adolescents, considering conceptions and experiences by public high school students and, finally, these students’ positionings regarding the cause-andeffect relationships between the plant, the different powers, interests, and ideologies that advanced it, as well as its originating circumstances. For this purpose, the methodological path is dialectic with the aid of phenomenology and discourse analysis applied mainly to data resulting from interviews with such social actors. Among the results obtained, this work argues that the curricular component of Geography in public high schools has played an almost entirely irrelevant contribution to the formation of critical thinking of these students and, consequently, to the misunderstanding of their own realities.

From the urban core of the city of Altamira-PA, this study aimed to analyze the spatiality of
leisure in the reproduction of everyday life in the city of Altamira-PA, based on the tensioning
and mediation between the representation of space (space conceived ) and spaces of
representation (lived space). It is not a question of two antagonistic and excluding realities, but
of a unit that is continuously dialectized in/through space.From a theoretical-methodological
mediation between the category of leisure and the social theory of space, we sought to answer
the following question: how is the spatiality of leisure expressed in everyday life in the city of
Altamira-PA? The central hypothesis suggests that: leisure in the city of Altamira-PA
constitutes an indissoluble part of everyday life, materializing spatially through the collective
agency of subjects who, in an insurgent way, appropriate the different urban spaces of the city.
The methodological course of qualitative bias, was based on a bibliographical analysis, open
and semi-structured interviews and elements of urban ethnography. The research results
demonstrated the theoretical-methodological power of the leisure category in the face of urban
studies, allowing the discussion of the limits and possibilities of the city based on leisure
experiences. At the everyday level, the results showed the existence of collective tactics,
materialized by the counter-uses of the city where urban spaces are achieved the condition of
public spaces through different forms of collective appropriation. The sustained and proven
thesis states that the clash and the permanent mediation between the representation of space
(conceived space) and the spaces of representation (lived space) materializes a spatiality of
leisure in the daily life of Altamira-PA, which is produced in function of of the insurgent
practices that are created and maintained by the subjects from their daily interaction and
sociability networks.

Keywords: leisure, insurgent practices, counter-uses, everyday life.

This thesis focuses on understanding the economic dynamics of the city of Imperatriz-MA, as
well as the restructuring of its urban space based on the expansion process of the real estate
market. This economic activity has intensified capitalist relations, and thus, has been one of
the main agents responsible for creating and stimulating new demands for production and
consumption in the city. In this sense, the research emerges from concerns regarding the
growth of the housing real estate market from the 2000s onwards - which, based on a logic of
(re)production of the city as a commodity, has potentiated the production of urban space
divided into social classes and concomitantly the spatialization of a range of contradictions.
For the development of the work, we sought theoretical support based on the postulates of
Sposito (2004; 2007) on urban restructuring and city restructuring. The research method is
based on the Marxist approach of dialectical historical materialism, with bibliographic,
documental, simple-observation and standardized-structured interviews. The research
highlighted the developer-builder capital, real estate brokers and the State as the main agents
of valorization of the urban space of the Imperatriz city. This valorization could be seen in the
analysis of the neighborhoods Jardim Três Poderes, Santa Inês and Avenida Pedro Neiva de
Santana, which exposed the form and characteristics of this valorization that has resulted in a
strong transformation of the city's structure. In addition, the study discussed the construction
of housing projects by the Federal Government called "My Home My Life Program"
(MHMLP), Level 1, aimed at the low-income population in peripheral areas, discontinuities
of the urban fabric as an element that has caused the accentuation of socio-spatial
disagreements. It is considered that the research achieved its proposed objectives, since it was
possible to understand that the economic repercussions arising from the growth of the real
estate market are associated with changes in the morphology and landscape of the city,
making it more complex, segmented, segregated, fragmented and unfair.

Keywords: Imperatiz-MA; real estate market; urban and city restructuring.

Nowadays is essential that everyone knows about danger, that is calculated or not ando also
threaten human beings (VEYRET, 2007). Caratateua’s Island (Outeiro) in Belém/PA goes
through coastal erosion processes, causing environmental and material damages. Three
monitoring points were identified at the local, which led to the interdiction of some stretches of
the Beira Mar road, as recommended by the SGB/CPRM. The research brings the participatory
elaboration on social cartography, with the objective of spatializing the socio-environmental
risks of the mentioned stretch and their geological risk with students from EMEFM Prof.
Eidorfe Moreira, located in the São João de Outeiro neighborhood. One of the problems is the
difficulty in finding methodologies and teaching materials on landslide’s risk areas focused on
the context and scale of the Amazonian reality. The research objective is to verify possible
occurrences of landslides through geological erosion at Avenida Beira-Mar small stretch, for
the material’s production, which is; mapping through socio-environmental cartography in print
(maps/booklet) and digital (site-blog-PDF) format. The research application methodology
consisted of 5 (five) basic steps according to the National Center for Monitoring and Alerts for
Natural Disasters (Cemaden) in an adapted way in educational contexts, such as, preparatory
phase; explanation of environmental risks; cartographic base reading; perception’s of the
thematic map environmental risks’ production; reflection on the weaknesses of the place. This
proposal is theoretically based on the Federal Government Decree, No. 5,376, of February 17,
2005, article 13, item VII, in order to promote the inclusion of civil defense principles in school
curricula, providing full support to the teaching community in the development of pedagogicaldidactic material for this purpose. Environmental education (Law No. 9,795/1999, CNE/CP Opinion No. 14/2012. CNE/CP Resolution No. 2/201218), Decree No. 4,281, of June 25, 2002,
which specifically provides for Environmental Education (EA) and institutes the National
Environmental Education Policy (PNEA). The results of the Social Cartography of
spatialization of socio-environmental risks supported the materialization of thinking and acting
through methodologies that incorporate active participation in the analysis of maps,
photographs, interviews, tables and graphs, making it more meaningful for students, putting
into practice formative assessment, in which the student becomes the subject of his learning and
the teacher assumes the role of mediator of the process, as he accompanies all the steps of the
student, being able to help him in his difficulties.

Key words: Erosion’s risk; Social Cartography; Environmental education; Outeiro Island.

Heritage education is one of the relevant issues when we talk about heritage issues, in this sense
the research sought to focus on educational practices and their impact in the city of Curuçá-PA,
located in the Northeast region of the State of Pará, 130 km from distance from the capital
Belém. The paths that lead us to think about an urban space focused on natural and cultural
issues. The research was developed from the reflection of a patrimonialization process, being it
the main form of development through the valorization of a certain culture and regarding the
heritage look, I understand the importance of it within a city, which dynamically has without
its genesis cultural issues and lives culture daily, elevating it not only to a concept but a way of
living. immaterial and natural and from that to understand the importance of heritage
preservation for the rescue of the cultural identity of the community and its memory, taking us
specifically, to analyze the existing public policies in the municipality around heritage issues
and the educational and constructive practices on the heritage. In a qualitative research and
based on reports of experiences, theoretical concepts and a practical perspective were gathered,
education provides this two-way street, as defined throughout the chapters. Semi-structured
interviews, records of temporal changes in patrimonialized spaces and public consultations
were the means used to encourage responses to understand the urban space of Curuçá, regarding
the process of patrimonialization. The research demonstrated the importance of living and
feeling the cultural 'ground', that is, defining and recording the appreciation of what is beyond
the tipping point, is in the day-to-day of Curuça, is in school, being on the walk through the
historic center and defining Thus, the records obtained from this research, humanized, allow us
to write about the practice and make us think and reflect on each decision that has been or will
be taken, allowing us to improve the relationship with the people and adapt it frequently to the
needs of residents and important makers. of culture. Finally, we conclude that there is a lot to
look at within a local culture, there are several relationships between the individual and his
heritage, there are not always records, he did not always go through a tipping, it is important
for his affective relationships, with the square, with the river, with a sound, with a rhythm and
so on. The research became relevant at various times, due to the fact that it made a little studied
record, with few productions thus motivating and academically encouraging other researchers,
including the residents themselves to enter the University taking about their culture of a small
Amazonian city even better known and participate. of registration and decision-making
processes. Finally, knowing in order to preserve becomes increasingly important, knowing this
importance, looking at heritage does not just portray a moment in the past but an inheritance to
be maintained, culture is born within the human being throughout life, it is up to the producers
of knowledge to be the channel for recording what is important to each one.

Keywords: Patrimonization; Urban space; Cultural Heritage; Heritage Education;
Curuçá

The capitalism makes the mobilization of the entire economic chain through the consumption, thus always encouraging people to consume more. The consequence of consumption is solid waste, causing urban environmental problems. The production of space through the exploitation of forest resources was fundamental to the foundation of the city of Altamira. The influence of economic cycles and major works have determined the form of consumption and generation of solid waste throughout the formation of the city, which grew in a disorderly manner and without planning causing an urban environmental management that allowed the emergence of the municipal dump. Nowadays problems have caused by disability of management of the UUs, making it a major problem for municipal administrations of the municipalities of Brazil, not being different in the city of Altamira. The Law 12,305/2010 enacted, determining the extinction of dumps in the national territory, in 2011 the construction works of the Belo Monte UHE began, whereby its conditions ensured the cost of the remediation and deactivation of the dump, as well as the construction of the Altamira Landfill. After receiving the work, the Municipal Public Management has the important task of implementing the Solid Waste Policy Municipality of Altamira to ensure the healthy quality of life its population. To consolidate the expectations of the research it is necessary to go through three chapters, the first, it is intended to understand whether the conditioning of the construction of the Belo Monte UHE - Basic Environmental Project (PBA), contributed to the implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste Policy of Altamira, in the second, it is intended to understand if the Municipal Public Power performs  the Municipal Solid Waste Policy in the city and in the third, it is intended to understand the implications of the implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste Policy in the daily life of families of Altamira. To achieve at the results, it was necessary to seek bibliographic references, conduct interviews with key actors, apply semi-structured forms, adapted to an urban analysis the "Index of the execution of the Municipal Policy of USR of the city of Altamira - PA - Brazil", as well as the construction of tables, schematics, graphs and tables, to try to evidence whether in fact there is in execution of an Urban Environmental Policy,  respects what is provided for by law and does not waste the public money used for the pre-established purpose. 

 Keywords: Space Production, Environmental Education, Urban Environmental Management

The Amazon has been going through a process of social and environmental transformation over the
years, however, in recent decades the replacement of the forest by capitalist agriculture has become
an increasingly common scenario in the territory, this phenomenon is due to new strategies of
territorialization of capital. This research presents a set of elements that make up the territorial
disputes that occur in the Amazon, especially in the west of Pará, due to the form of use and
appropriation of land, which presents new characteristics to the dispute, in the form of immaterial
territory that build new territorializations due to the social relations that develop in the interior of the
Amazon, even though, contradictorily, the construction of the resistance territory of rural
communities is built in the dispute over land and the way of life of rural populations. The São
Francisco da Volta Grande community in the municipality of Belterra-PA presents some of the
dynamics of territorialization of soy agribusiness, causing a decrease in vegetation cover throughout the municipality, intoxication by exposure to pesticides and disruption of the collective dynamics of the traditional territory, in the marginalization of environmentally differentiated settlements such as the Bela Terra II Collective Settlement Projects, where the community is located.

Keywords: Amazon; Territory; Agribusiness; West of Pará

The implementation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex brings with it
a series of changes in the dynamics of various production chains in the region, including
artisanal fishing. Giventhe importance of the fishing activity in the economic and cultural
context, it becomes necessary to know the agents present in its production circuit that
goes from the capture to the marketing offish.
Thus,wesoughttohighlightsomeconceptsofspatialcircuit,the
characterization of artisanal and ornamental fishing and the practice of fish farming in the
municipality of Altamira.With the historical rescue of the occupation of the region,
seeking how it reflects on the fishing territories, thus seeking to approximate the study
area. Besides the contextualization of the implementation of large hydroelectric projects
and how they contribute to a scenario of artisanal fishing.The bibliographic and data
survey was carried out through consultation of theses and articles, fishing monitoring
reports, as well as other readings carried out. Besides the field data survey.
This research will be divided as follows: a first section will deal with the
historical and geographical characterization of the municipalityof Altamira, Pará State,
bringing its main characteristics, the use of natural resources, as well as the relationship
with artisanal fishing and its characterization.The second section will deal with the
conceptual approach on spatial circuits of production using theoretical foundations of
Santos (2014) and others, because the approach of this concept is indispensable for the
understanding of the dynamics of fishing activity in the headquarters of the municipality
of Altamira.And a third section with thestages of the spatial circuit of artisanal fishing
in the municipality of Altamira considering the agents involved in the process from
capture to marketing, considering the context of the installation of the CHBM Belo
Monte. Finally, the final considerations highlighting the relevance of the research for the
knowledge of the reality of the fishing sector with considerations to the actors present in
the spatial circuit of fishing in the municipality ofAltamira, Pará.

KEY WORDS: Artisanal fishing, spatial circuit,Belo Monte.

This research proposes to analyze the increase in urban occupations in irregular areas after the
Belo Monte project in the municipality of Altamira-PA, which is located in southwest Pará with
a territorial area of 159,533.401 km², on the banks of the Xingu River above the volta grande,
in which the large Belo Monte hydroelectric project was installed, which was part of the
restructuring process, altering and reorganizing the internal dynamics of the city, which
participated in the process of changing the place of residence of more than 22 thousand people.
The project was one of the main factors for the process of occupation of the river to take place
on the mainland, since it removed the population from the banks of the Altamira, Panelas and
Ambé streams, to be resettled far from the city center, with the non-recognition of the new
territory. However, real estate agents, together with the State, have been responsible for
obtaining profit from the sale of urban land, since a portion of the population does not have
enough income to buy their right to the city and housing, is at the mercy, and without state aid.
The objective that guides the dissertation is to analyze the increase of urban occupations in
irregular areas in Altamira-PA after the installation of Belo Monte. For a better understanding,
we tried to understand how the spatial processes linked to the installation of Belo Monte imply
the redefinition of urban occupations, and it was verified through analysis which are the main
vectors of urban occupation in Altamira. The research was developed through the following
procedures, bibliographic survey, field work in the study area, photographs, reports from
residents and elaboration of maps. Therefore, it is clear that after the installation of the
enterprise, the problems of irregular occupations in the municipality were not solved. The
problem of irregular occupations was transferred from the center of the city to some points such
as the banks of the Transamazon Highway, the current point of occupation for the low-income
classes. In this way, the occupations go through a process from “river to highway”.

Keywords: Urban occupation, Large-scale projects, Belo Monte, Right to the city.

Critical Geography, a proposal to break with the neutrality of geographic science in the face
of the capitalist system, allows new possibilities in relation to the objects of study that, in the
past, could not be contemplated by a more traditional Geography, more attached to studies
with a natural bias. At this point, football is inserted, a sport of relevance that goes beyond the
simple practice of the modality, having economic, political, cultural significance within
societies. It is with this foundation that the present work aims to correlate geographic studies,
football and society, aiming to scrutinize and understand the identity, representative processes
and territorialities conceived by and from social movements, through conflicts, linked to
football. This junction occurs through the preponderant factors to the supporters/collectives
linked to blacks, women and the LGBTQIA+ community related to football, who make use of
this sport to achieve social agendas engendered in the bosoms of collectivities, mainly from
the 2014 World Cup, carried out in Brazil. To achieve these objectives, research was carried
out in order to improve the bibliographic collection on the subjects discussed here, access to
social networks of participatory supporters regarding the theme, at the national and local level
and semi-structured interviews in order to enrich this work together. to the social actors
participating in these movements, in the municipality of Belém - PA, territorial cut of this
study, in which female and LGBTQIA+ supporters were found, who were present in stadiums
and on the streets, in protests for social improvements and/or in social actions , whether
collectively – as a crowd – or individually and/or punctually. These are concrete examples of
the use of football as a process of reaffirmation and legitimation of these groups, mainly
realizing that the territorialities conceived by them are intimately connected to the
identification with the clubs, materialized in the stadiums, in the streets and in the social
networks, from which it could greater engagement of social movements and collectivities in
general.
Keywords: Football; Socio-territorial movements, Conflicts, Identities.

8
ABSTRACT
The urbanization process has been present since ancient times, intensifying with the industrialization
process in the 18th century and in Brazil from the mid-19th century on. In the Amazônia this process
occurred from the 1960s with transformations that deeply impacted its territories. Contemporarily, with
the process of metropolization, beyond a phase of urban development, these territories are increasingly
affected by the interests of capital, especially with regard to production and housing conditions, where
part of the population lives in degrading conditions and in constant socio-spatial vulnerability, as occurs
in the municipality of Ananindeua-PA, a city that makes up the metropolitan region of Belém-PA and that
is affected by it in all its structural changes. In this sense, we present the following central problem: How
the process of metropolization, such as the actions of the State (land title regularization and the
implementation project of the Liberdade Highway) in addition to the expansion of the land market in the
metropolitan spaceof Belém has been interfering in theconditions of socio-spatialvulnerability
(infrastructure and housing) of the southern portion of Ananindeua territory between the years 2020 and
2022. The main objective of this work is to analyze how the metropolization process, the actions of the
State (land title regularization and the implementation project of the Liberdade Highway) and the
expansion of the land market in the metropolitan space of Belém have been interfering in the conditions
of socio-spatial vulnerability (infrastructure and housing) of the southern portion of Ananindeua's
territory between the years 2020 and 2022. In the present work we will use the historical and dialectical
materialism method, because it focuses on the materiality of the history of men in society. The research is
quantitative and qualitative, where the first makes a quantification of the data on the growth of the
population of the municipality, especially of its southern portion, and the second, makes a survey of
qualitative data, which obtains the description about the neighborhoods of the southern portion of
Ananindeua and its urban growth over conservation units and territories of traditional Amazonian
communities. The analysis is inter-scalar that considers the time and space of urban relations. It counts on
a systematic observation of the study area and the application of questionnaires, in addition to the
cartographic production showing the advance of urbanization in the southern part of Ananindeua. This
work is justified from a theoretical and methodological point of view by the need to understand the new
territorial dynamics, in the conditions of infrastructure and housing, from the metropolitan expansion
present in the southern portion of Ananindeua. From a theoretical and practical point of view, this work
has the relevance of contributing to subsidize public actions and the construction of the right to territory.
The present work showed us that the housing conditions in the southern part of Ananindeua are the result
of the unequal process of metropolization where some parts of the population live with a good
infrastructure in detriment of the majority of the population who live without the minimum conditions of
basic sanitation. Added to this, the work showed us that the southern population of Ananindeu has the
constant territorial conflicts of traditional communities that are there in the face of urban expansion.

Keywords: Territory, metropolization, vulnerability, housing, infrastructure and sanitation

This research addresses issues that arise from the production of the space inhabited by the
riverside community of Boa Esperança, located in an archipelago of river islands upstream
from the city ofAltamira-Pará on the Xingu River. Being located in low latitudes, this
community has a short dry season tropical climate regime (am type climate), with stilt houses
that occupy the plains that are influenced by the flood regime of the river, the "beiradão",
which also offer fertile fields for polyculture agricultural activities. Thus, in general, this
research work seeks to understand the production process of the space inhabited by the
riverside community of Boa Esperança, at first, enumerating the aspectsof the landscape in
the daily life of the community, as well as, in addition to these objectives adds the
construction of a certain reflexive analysis on the work relations that attribute functionality
to the territorial configuration of the community. Itwas sought to build a certain analysis
focused on spatial dynamics with the empirical observation of the socio-environmental
conditions existing in the daily life studied and, for this, the research team relied on the
application of form interviews and the lifting of aerial images obtained with a drone that
helped in the observation of the landscape. Thus, the fact that field research activities have
been built with the intention of structuring data and collecting information of spatial-
historical, socioeconomic and environmental relevance on the context in which the living
conditions of the riverside community are developed is mentioned. of Good Hope. This, in
turn, shows traces of their ancestry linked to the rubber tappers who migrated from the
Northeastto work in the rubber plantations of the middle Xingu, extracting latex mainly
from the native rubber trees of the region in the mid-nineteenth century, the decade 1870.
Since then, labor activities such as extractivism, burning and artisanal fishing havebeen the
basisoflivelihoodandtradeforriversidefamiliesthatwereconstitutedwiththe
territorialization of the aviamento system in the region, at the time of the first cycle of the
rubber economy.
Keyword:Amazon. GeographicSpace.Riverside.

The present research defends the thesis that the agrarian dynamic of the Paraense Amazon results from the relationship between agrarian space and state planning. It is possible to verify this relationship in the dynamics of cattle ranching in Novo Repartimento-PA. The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between regional planning and agrarian space in the municipality of Novo Repartimento, considering the dynamics of cattle ranching on pasture. Areas (deforestation in rural properties) and landscape unit (pastures) related to the dynamics of cattle ranching are terms that make up the operational methodology of the research. From an analytical point of view, the work is structured in two stages: a contextual retrospective was elaborated which highlights policies, plans and programs forged for the Amazon region of Pará, specifically from 1960 through the 1980s; the second stage of the research was configured in a perspective in which cattle ranching is considered as a result of the relationship between agrarian space and regional planning, examined in the period 1990 to 2020. The research was divided as follows: Introduction, in which the research is presented in its essential aspects; followed by four chapters, where the first chapter deals with contextual situations and the conceptual terms of the research; the second chapter presents Regional Planning and cattle ranching in the middle Tocantins River between 1960 and 1980; the third chapter addresses the Conversion of forests into pastures in Novo Repartimento-PA; and the fourth chapter focuses on Regional Planning and cattle ranching in Novo Repartimento-PA; after which the final considerations of the research are presented.

Keywords: Agrarian space. Regional Planning in the Amazon. Spatial dynamics of cattle ranching. Novo Repartimento-PA.

This research is an analysis of the planned city in the Altamira Master Plan, comparing it with
the lived city. Urban planning is extremely important for the functioning of the capitalist city,
it is through it that its functioning is planned, but the city does not always live what was planned,
the lived city is the city that reflects the struggle of interests and forces. different. The theoretical
framework on the subject is not only seen from a geographical point of view, as it also involves
legal and sociological research on the analysis of the subject. Understanding if what was
planned was followed is of extreme importance, the conclusions of this research affirm that the
city did not follow everything that was planned, mainly in relation to its verticalization, in the
research the changes of the first Master Plan of Altamira of the year of 2003 and its 2011
revision, as well as popular participation in the construction of the Plan, as required by the City
Statute, for cities with more than twenty thousand inhabitants, as is the case of Altamira, a city
in the state of Pará, located in Brazilian Amazon.
Key words:
Urban planning, master plan, urban expansion, ZEIS, Altamira, Amazon, urbanization

In this present master’s degree dissertation we seek to present a research related to the territorial planning of the municipality of Senador Jose Porfirio - State of Para, which inserted the Amazonian territorial context, presents itself as the only city that has a discontinuous territory. The territorial planning requires establishing interrelationships with a high degree of complexity, involving political conflicts, which can generate impasses and new spatial configurations. The territorial planning establishes government guidelines as new definitions of powers are established in the territory, with challenges imposed on municipal administrations and the influences created by a globalized policy. The municipality, on the other hand, is an institution thought of as an administrative tool that has been shaping itself on the European continent and is inserted in Brazil by its colonizers, that has always been seen in an inferior position compared to other units of federation (Federal and Government). After a historical formation that dates back to the 17th century (1639), Senator Jose Porfirio, which was once one of the largest municipalities territorially in the world, that was once named Souzel, reaches the present day with its separate territorial limits, after the emancipation of the municipalities of Anapu and Vitória do Xingu in the early 1990s. With the socio-economic dynamics established in the region and the implementation of large projects such as UHE Belo Monte and Volta Grande Gold, the occupation of the territory intensified, putting pressure on municipal management with basic demands such as health, education and road maintenance. The present research will try to analyze the possible implications in the territorial management of the municipality of Senador Jose Porfirio. Considering the context of discontinuity, municipal public management and territoriality, since it is imperative to strengthen the latter to achieve sustainable development.

Keywords: Territorial planning; municipality; Senator Jose Porfirio; discontinuous; ower.

The current qualification report is going to present the doctoral thesis proposal whose title is TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICES IN THE AMAZON: a region of National Sacrifice. This thesis which is going to be defended highlights that the Amazon has been a region of National Sacrifice for a long time according to the hypothesis that technological threats, environmental injustices and vulnerability of socio-biodiversity are responsible for the Amazon continues to be Sacrifice space. Moreover, this study in order to analyze the setting of this scenario from the territorial policies promoted by the Brazilian state. The presence as logistical infrastructure, as tax incentives granted by the government made it possible to attract large enterprises that impacted ecosystems and populations in general. Technological risks and disasters have been representing the Amazonian problem built since in the second half of the 20th century, with environmental conflicts as a consequence. The analysis of this research is going to involve different geographical scales (International, National and Regional) based on a dialectical perspective of interpretation of reality and emphasis on the contradictions of the current model of unequal and combined capitalist, development, bases for the emergence of a risk society. Besides that, there is a theoretical and methodological need to analyze and identify the main zones of sacrifices, in order to be able to contribute to the reduction of the Sociobiodiversity Vulnerability. We can realize that the study will be the first thesis with this perspective, as it is a methodological advance that will result in the construction of a Composite Index of Environmental Sacrifice in the Amazon (ICSAAM). The methodology proposes the construction of a database involving technological threats and response capacity; technological disasters and environmental conflicts. The operational methodological procedures are going to be: some bibliographic review, documentary survey and application of forms (Google form). The report has divided into five parts: the first one concerns the academic activities developed; the second noment refers to the introduction of the thesis that contains the objectives, the hypothesis, the justification, the theoretical-conceptual framework; chapters I, which will address the main concepts of the research and chapter II, which refers to the methodology. Eventually, the third part refers to the projection of chapters III, which shows how the process of sacrificing the Amazon took place; IV, which highlights Sacrifice zones in the Amazon; V, which refers to the perception of Sacrifice Zones and technological risk in the Amazon and, finally, the final considerations

Conservation Units present themselves as tools for the protection and conservation of spaces,
however on a global scale, most ofthese spaces are pressured to the point of going through the
disaffection process, which consists of changing their boundaries or recategorization, thus
compromising their objectives However, the Marine Resex Araí-Peroba, the study area of this
work, presented the opposite path, where in 2014 it went through the Affectation process, thus
increasing its limits, characterized as an exception to what is expected in the dynamics of
protected areas. Going into the theme, this project is initially divided into introduction,
contextualization of the problem, justification, objectives, hypotheses and the methodological
procedure used in the dissertation. It then presents a first chapter of bibliographic reference that
comprises three main points of the research: therelationship between man and nature, change
in the limits of conservation units (disaffection and affectation) and conservation units, the latter
emphasizing marine extractive reserves. Finally, the projection of the two chapters of the
dissertation is demonstrated in order to verify the hypotheses that guide the research, in order
to explain the causes and consequences of this singular process that occurred in the Araí-Peroba
Marine Resex, identifying whether the process of increasing limits was beneficial to this
Conservation Unit.
Keywords: Disaffection, Affectation, ConservationUnit.

As protected areas they were essentially for the conservation of fauna and flora. Analyzing its socio-environmental dynamics becomes a challenge, and at the same time contributes to the understanding of the landscape. The present study aims to model future scenarios from remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques in the Jaman National Forest-PA, based on the use classification of the years 2013 and 2020 of Artificial Intelligence. Apply the DINAMICA EGO model using the transition method for simulated deforestation trajectories 2030, based on the dependent variables (land cover and use 2013 and 2020) and independent variables (altimetry, slope, to roads, to settlements) and at a distance) The high conservation indexes in the limits of the conservation units, cause great environmental losses along the Brazilian time. , with a model of increase of 41% compared to 2018. Through which it will be possible to analyze “Where”; “When” will it be deforested and at what deforestation rates; and “How”, which will be the spatial representation of the new land use areas, such as, for example, as the basis of the deforestation process. independent, it is possible to realize the future of deforestation in FLONA do Jamanxim. Theories of authors representing different currents of Geography are approached to conceptualize space, landscape and dynamic modeling. In Physical Geography, one starts from Bertrand's concepts. For Quantitative Geography, Waldo Tobler was used as a basis. The discussion of Critical Geography is based on the works of Milton Santos. And Soares-Filho for dynamic spatial modeling. The methodology consisted of three main phases: 1- Processing of satellite images, using the supervised classification method through the Maximum Likelihood phenomenon; 2- Processing of independent variables; 3- Stage considered the main part of the study, which consists of spatial modeling in DINAMICA EGO. As a result of the analysis of land cover and use, it was observed that there was a reduction in the area of 112.51 km² (0.87%) of primary forest, and an increase in the mosaic class of occupations (deforestation) with an area of 393.53 km², equivalent to 3% of deforested area. The main activities observed were: forest exploitation and mining. There is also a deforestation pattern classified as geometric and regular, with economic activities, such as agriculture, and mainly medium to large-scale grain and livestock monocultures, and an intermediate stage of occupation. The independent variables assume Bertrand's GTP model to observe landscape dynamics. It was observed that 0.28% of the primary forest was converted to deforestation. That is, from 2013 to 2020 deforestation is occurring at a net rate of 28% per year. And there is a high probability of transition from primary forest to a mosaic of occupations, and from forest exploitation to a mosaic of occupations to the north and south of the FLONA do Jamanxim, areas that may be associated with the implementation of roads (BR-163), and to the PDS Brasília and Vale do Jamanxim Project settlements, which consequently can impact the resilience of the landscape. Based on the modeling and analysis of future scenarios, it appears that there may be a loss of 198.79 km² of the primary forest class, and a considerable increase in deforestation of 155.20 km² by 2030. The mapping of this study can support policy actions public, through the analysis of the impacts of laws and identification of priority areas for government action in FLONA do Jamanxim. Based on the spatial modeling, together with the command, control and monitoring plans, it is possible to guide the socio-environmental, economic and cultural development in this UC, for the maintenance and conservation of natural assets.

Keywords: Amazon Forest. Deforestation prognosis. Geosystem

Water resources play a fundamental role in the structuring of the territory, as they are
dendritic points and tend to establish human occupations from them. Urbanization
takes these ramifications for itself, in some cases it preserves its limits, but mostly it
transposes and rectifies them. It is also common the possession of the non-visible
resource, that is, the one that runs under the rock, which is more difficult to measure
and notice changes. In an institutionalized territory, such as a municipality, there are
laws that cover activities that have water as their main use in the production process,
however, such laws were not designed from the water, but from the economic and
social relationship established with it. . In the laws, the waters are denaturalized, as it
fulfills a social function, just like nature, a nature is then created that starts from the
individual (with their perceptions, values and beliefs) to the individual, that is, from
power relations. This exercise of power, most of the time, is heteronomous, not
considering existences or identities, based on the principle of homogenization. This
exercise also does not work without the spatial substrate, in the present research,
hence these plots configure the territory. That is why it is necessary that the
instruments for management, as well as management, are efficient and comply with
the specifications and demands of each territory. However, despite the management
of monitoring the use of the resource, the State ends up giving ownership to the
resource to private agents, that is, the waters have owners. As is the case of the
municipality of Benevides/PA, where there are water bottling companies, soft drinks,
breweries, food production, timber and cosmetics companies. The history of the
municipality reveals that the waters have always been an object of interest since
colonization, at first for tourism and leisure and then for water bottling companies,
reconfiguring the natural space of the waters. We understand that the history of the
place reveals the nuances of different temporalities, imprinted on the material in a
dialectical movement. From this, we focus on analyzing how the water territory is
organized in Benevides/PA, having as main objective to analyze the process of
appropriation of the water territory of the municipality; for this, two specific objectives
were listed in which the identification of geological and hydrogeomorphological
characteristics are present, and to analyze the scales of power present in the
municipal territory. The hypothesis raised is that the transformations that the territory
has gone through are supported by antagonistic interests, where the economic
(private companies) and tourism (where water is used as a desire for consumption)
prevails, therefore, water is treated as merchandise. This can generate tensions and
conflicts between local actors and agents, as the concept of hydroterritory
foreshadows.
Keywords: Water resource, territory, hydroterritory, Benevides.

Energy policies in Brazil have been undergoing several reforms to implement privatization,
using concessions for private companies, creating the energy market with differences in energy
economic agents. At the same time as politics, the country is under global pressure to invest in
renewable energy. Among these energies stand out as SHPs. The increase in water availability
in the Legal Amazon, the diffusion by expansion of SHPs and UHEs around the agricultural
industry in the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Pará, Maranhão and Rondônia is underway.
This is when the connection between the spaces of these water plants and the obstinate nature
of silos, warehouses and slaughterhouses is done. The diffusion of these PCHs and UHEs are
materialized in the plants in operation, in the plants under study and in the plants with study
processes. The main objective of this work was to analyze how the current global energy
transition has influenced energy policies in Brazil. The specific objectives were: to understand
how energy policies in Brazil have contributed to increasing the diffusion of UHEs and SHPs
around the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon; understand how energy policy and the
energy market in Brazil have been reflected in the increase in demand for hydropower in the
Legal Amazon; demonstrate how the territorial-productive dynamics of soy work, as well as
the surroundings of silos and warehouses and livestock (refrigerators) which cause the demand
for electricity to increase, therefore, in more constructions of small and large hydroelectric
plants in the Legal Amazon. The methodology used was a bibliographical review of a
theoretical-methodological nature of Geography, Sociology, Engineering and Economics.
Documentary analysis on energy policy and planning in Brazil. Primary and secondary data
collected on the websites of IBGE, ME, ANEEL, EPE, MAPA and ODS. Finally, maps, graphs,
tables and maps were built, as well as figures extracted from documents. The form of
presentation of these data was in a graphical form. It is concluded that the diffusion of
hydropower plants in the Legal Amazon is underway, because the PCHs are renewable and the
UHEs can be built by run-of-river, as well as this diffusion is induced by the demand for energy
from the agricultural industry in the Legal Amazon. As well, this diffusion is also fostered by
the global climate change policy that influences the global energy transition.
Keywords: energy policy; spatial diffusion; hydroelectric power plants; small hydroelectric
power plants; agricultural industry.

The modern city derives from the advent of the industrial capitalist production mode, which forged the production of metropolitan space as one of the primary elements for its consolidation and expansion. In the course of 20th century the capitalist productive process forged the third industrial revolution, promoting the fortification of the power from monopoly capital and the development of financialization process of the world economy or financial globalization. With the transition of capitalism for a flexible productive system, fragmented and of global interaction ,dispersion becomes the principal brand of production of metropolitan space. The dynamics of concentration and territorial expansion act as potentiating forces of the contemporary metropolitan dispersion causing the redefinition of the periphery-center pattern, producing new centralities and promoting new labor displacements in the metropolitan space. Considering that the new configurations of human habitat mark restructuring process in periphery metropolitan spaces like Belém, the research present herein has a objective of study the metropolization and the production forms of the households in Belém and part of the questioning about how it works the habitation production and popular households on metropolitan context of Belém on the first quarter of XXI century. The thesis to defend is that the recent disperse metropolitan form constitutes expression, product, environment and condition of the determinations from the capitalist production of the city, which is revealed through a desigual geographic development, which express on the popular households scope by the maintenance of periphery pattern of the localization from formal production of habitation and for the reinforcement of precarious conditions to which the popular settlements are submitted on the metropolitan space. Having as a research cutout the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), aims to understand how has it been the popular household‟s production on the scope of metropolitan dispersion of Belém on the start of the XXI century. The theorization about the space production orientated the methotodological procedure of biblioghaphic study, review-oriented and theorical-conceptual deepening of themes as: urbanization; metropolization; metropolization restructuring; urban dispersion; households production forms; urban and metropolitan formation of Belém. The research of practical stamp consisted on the development of procedures as: fieldwork, that have provided the empiric observation of the studied reality; data collection and interpretation about the habitational production in the period of BNH and the recent production of popular households in metropolis, generating as a product the elaboration of thematical maps about the localization pattern of the household produced by habitational political in RMB. The data of the Demographical Censes of IBGE on the years of 1991, 2000 e 2010 provided subsidies for the analysis of the popular households‟ access to basic conditions of urban infrastructure and also generating as a product the elaboration of thematical maps about the theme. The analysis of recent political of popular household‟s production on metropolis was realized through a empirical research and interviews realized with managers of SEHABs from Belém, Ananindeua e Marituba. The systematization of the results from the research allows to infer that on the camp of household‟s production, especially on popular households, are found important keys to comprehend the dispersion of the metropolis Belém on actuality.

Keywords: Belém; Metropolitan Dispersion; Habitational Complex; Popular Households; Metropolitan Periphery

The Natural Domains of the Brazilian Amazon - DNAB have a high biogeographic diversity, favored by a complex geological substrate and an equatorial climate, both preponderant in the Amazonian landscape, located in the northern portion of Brazil, comprising an area equivalent to 40% of the Brazilian territory (~3,700,000 Km2). Human expansion in the Amazon has produced a series of transformations in its natural resources. In this sense, the work aimed to carry out a retrospective of the trajectory of Man over the Amazonian domains, through the spatialization of anthropogenic evidence and the analysis of anthropogenic indicators that can be associated with the precepts of the Antopocene, made possible by a geographical perspective. The analysis under the DNAB raised the aspects of the morphoclimatic and phytogeographic domains, highlighting their dominant landscapes and their respective natural systems, through biophysical compartmentalization, working as a substrate in the analysis of the dynamics of socio-spatial events and evidence of human action materialized in the landscapes, under a wide temporal spectrum - Holocene. The investigation was based on a holistic approach that integrates variables related to natural and socio-spatial aspects, from a systemic view, aimed at scaling and measuring patterns of use of natural resources, the degree of anthropogenicization of DNAB and the proposition of landscapes/ anthropocene structures. In this sense, the research revealed that the DNAB currently present a very significant anthropogenic percentage, of approximately 64%, the result of a wide and diverse sociospatial dynamics, which attributed to the region a marked variability of human macrosystems and semi-natural landscapes embedded in apparently natural ecosystems . However, it was detected that this estimate is probably underestimated, if we consider the evidence from an accumulative perspective, reaching a value around 150%, that is, 50% above the total area of the DNAB, which reveals a high anthropogenic pressure on the region. Given the above, and considering the Anthropocene precepts, centered on the anthropogenic conception, it is suggested that the Amazon conditions anthropogenic landscapes, substantially altered, for at least 4,000 years BP, when a good part of its domains were already occupied and significantly used and managed by human groups.

Keywords: Amazon. Natural domains. Anthropogenic factors. Anthropocene.

he main objective of this work is to understand the participation of the Xingu organic products cooperative in the territorial planning of the Xingu Integration Region. This territory presents profound transformations that have served to expand an unequal condition of reproduction to local subjects, as a result of territorial policies, carried out mainly in the last 50 years. The condition of territory ordered by the State in consortium with the private sector is expressed in the contradictions of its uses, in these terms, there are two perspectives of territory (SANTOS, 1999), one in the resource conditions, used by hegemonic actors who they only consider its exchange value and strongly appropriate its economic potential; and the other, designed and used as a shelter/resource, expressing a more rational use, as well as its use as a condition for the reproduction of culture, identity and daily practices. This second condition is perceived from the local organization, through cooperativism, as an instance that enables the organization of farmers, cocoa production and marketing of almonds, that is, the entire cocoa production chain. Starting to understand this condition, it uses historical and dialectical materialism, considering in geography the categories space and time, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, thus exposing the production of agrarian space and territory used, exposing its contradictions, its resistance, and the new possibilities built by local subjects. Therefore, it was concluded that cooperativism has contributed, through its organization, to territorial planning in the Amazon.

Keywords: Amazon; Used territory; Cooperative; Local actors; Ordering

The present work intends to carry out an analysis and debates, based on bibliographic and documental research and field data, emphasizing the subsistence activities performed by traditional populations of Marajó, presenting categories and tools of geographic analysis, which can be worked on the understanding of the way of life and the use of natural resources by these populations. This proposal started from the consideration that local production, generated in the execution of the so-called territorial strategies of survival of these traditional populations is extremely important for supplying both urban centers and communities themselves. In this way, this research will also seek to verify and discuss the viability of using social cartography techniques in the participative mapping of the traditional populations researched, seeking to understand how territorial planning can integrate information about: the traditional populations' way of life; the residents' economic activities; and geotechnologies and equipment used in the collection and capture of natural resources - fish and forests. The bibliographical research, integrated with data from the field research and participatory mapping in the village Mainardi, in the municipality of Breves, Marajó Island, Pará State, in addition to laboratory work, using geoprocessing techniques, allowed us to map the dynamic complexity of some socio-spatial and socio-environmental structural relations in the study area, showing how participatory mapping techniques can help the understanding of natural resource planning, by both the public managers and the users themselves, who will be able to see their territorialities on the map. Keywords: Traditional populations. Way of life. Territorial survival strategies. Participatory Mapping. Vila Mainardi, Breves, Marajó.

The urban space can be understood as a mosaic of dialectical relations between society and
space over time, in other words, the city can be incorporated as a set of human and historical
relations in space. Among them, it is mentioned the formation of differentiated and
contradictory areas driven by the current capitalist system. An example of this is the dynamics
of cities in underdeveloped countries that presented accelerated urbanization and because of
this brought several problems that extend to the present day, among them is the
peripheralization that is marked by the unequal production of urban space that is configured in
relations between center and periphery. The central areas are highlighted for their visibility
and concentration of resources and capital, so investments and the presence of the State
becomes more effective, unlike what happens in the urban peripheries of the capital of Pará,
which were produced by low-income groups that were segregated from the city center.
Therefore, these spaces started to be self-built and occupied in an accelerated and unplanned
way by the State. On the outskirts, as is the case of the Terra Firme neighborhood, the public
power is inefficient with regard to its territorial actions, so these spaces become conditions for
new territorialities that seek to establish their power relations, as in the case of drug
trafficking and militias and often generate tensions and as a result violence is present in these
locations. The objective of this research is to understand the dynamics of homicides between
the years 2011 to 2019, and its relationship with the precarious areas of Terra Firme district,
as well as with the territorial actors involved with their territorialities. The method adopted
was the historical and dialectical materialist, which allowed a discussion on socio-spatial
analyzes and power relations in the territory. We used thematic cartography geoprocessing
tools such as Quantum Gis, linking homicide data from the SIAC, to IBGE data and its social
indicators. This dissertation is divided into four essential chapters, the first is consistent with a
methodological approach to the research, the second the theoretical discussion, the third the
characterizations and peripheralization of the neighborhood of Terra Firme and the last
chapter corresponds to the analysis of homicides and agents that manifest themselves from the
power gaps left by the State.
Keywords: The Peripherization Process, Urban Violence, Territorial Agents and Terra Firme.

The accelerated process of climate change, loss of fauna and flora biodiversity, accentuated deforestation, among other problems faced, influences debates at the global level on the various themes related to climate, water, biodiversity, standing out as World Environmental Conferences, idealized by the United Nations - UN; World Water Forums, organized by the World Water Council; Climate Conferences, organized by the UN, among other events. All to debate a global environmental situation and proportionately measures and agreements that will contribute to the effects of intensification and mainly to climate change. The objective of this qualification project is to understand the geographical and ecological perspective of the policy as different ways of using water and its conflicts in the municipality of Barcarena - PA. Among the specified objectives: Identify and characterize as different forms of surface and underground water availability in the municipality; Identifies and analyzes how different forms of water demand and uses (consultative and non-consultative) for water in the municipality; Identity, characterize and analyze the different actors involved in the different forms of use and as appropriations of water resources, in the face of the generation of conflicts over water; Identify the role of the State (State and Municipal) in water resource management given the situation of privatization and multiple uses and conflicts over water. To carry out the work, the following methodological procedures will be followed, organized in four stages, the first following this theory and method. Use of landscape concepts in the Geosystemic view, territory, landscapeGTP, territory, conflicts over water. The second stage is devoted to documentary research, the requirements to support research. Third stage of conducting field research to meet and understand how water use dynamics in the municipality of Barcarena - PA, and analyzes of natural aspects in the society in a dialogue with the exhibition of photos, structured and semistructured interviews with managers and some representatives of local society. The fourth stage consists of handling and systematizing the data used. Thus, the expected results are aimed at understanding how environmental dynamics in the water resource, in a geographical analysis, given the problems faced in the municipality of Barcarena - PA and, thus, questioning the actions of the uses, tensions and conflicts over water, including privatization.

Sanitation is a basic service that corresponds to a set of infrastructure and operational facilities that are the responsibility of the public authorities and implemented to ensure a better quality of life for city populations. Unfortunately, despite all the importance of sanitation, few cities in Brazil have this service, which includes water supply, sewage and solid waste management. Given the importance of environmental issues, the research issue aims to understand how the processes involving the production of space in Altamira-PA redefine the basic sanitation system after the introduction of Belo Monte. To answer this question, the main objective seeks to analyze the redefinitions of the sanitation system in Altamira-PA between 2011 and 2018, considering the articulation between large capital and other public/private agents. The methodology used consists of bibliographical and field research, in which the bibliographical research addresses the theme of urban environmental problems, and the impacts on the environment. In the field research, we collected data through interviews with municipal agencies to obtain data about the researched services. The results identified by the survey show that despite the improvements provided by the conditions in Belo Monte, through the installation of modern equipment in the city, this did not mean that the entire population was covered by basic sanitation coverage. To make these improvements possible, it is suggested the elaboration of public policies in a planned way with the collaboration of managers and the State with the participation of the population in the implementation of measures that can visibly solve the real problems of the city.
Keywords: Altamira-PA, Basic Sanitation; Belo Monte Dam; Urban Environmental Problems.

The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the “disintrusion” process of the Cachoeira Seca indigenous reserve in relation to the reproduction of the extractivist riverine way of life on the Terra do Meio reserve, in southwest Pará state. The undertaking of this research created challenges that permeate the understanding of the issue of a new social and decolonial cartography, which can enable understanding of the spatial conditions that arise through the metamorphosis of space and imprint of new landscapes, social dynamics and spatial configurations. The research attempts to understand the spatial condition of reproduction of the way of life of an extractivist riverine peasant community that has been enveloped by the creation of the Cachoeira Seca indigenous reserve of the Arara tribe. The land tenure status of the Cachoeira Seca reserve was officially declared in 2008, and in 2016, after the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHEBM) Operation License was granted. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the reproduction of the Iriri extractivist way of life in the spatial conditions of the disintrusion of the Cachoeira Seca reserve. To this end, the specific objectives of this research are to describe: the extractive activities experienced by riverside dwellers in the process of space metamorphosis; elements of the formation of the extractivist riverine way of life of the Xingu region; the disintrusion process of the reserve Cachoeira Seca; the calendar of extractive activities and the locations and communities: Santo Estevão, Porto Seguro and Soledade (riverine of Maribel on the Iriri river). This research supports the idea that the extractivist riverside dwellers of the Iriri River that inhabit the Cachoeira Seca reserve have a way of life that resists the transformations that have occurred. The variables farming (land) and fishing (water), listed in this research, are inspired by the two patterns of occupation of the Amazon: road, dry land and subsoil and river, floodplain and forest. Keywords: Way of life, Extractive Ribeirinho, TI Cachoeira Seca, Disintrusion

This dissertation is a case study on the reproduction of the beiradeiro (riverine) way of life in the middle Xingu river region. The study analyzes three aspects of the way of life that produced this place, from its origin to the present day. The former Belo Horizonte seringal (rubber state), more than 300km distant from Altamira's town, in the state of Pará, was inhabited by non-indigenous migrants since the last years of the 19th century. Today, in this same space, there are riverine families living in the Bela Vista community, which since 2008 has been part of the Rio Xingu Extractive Reserve. The study shows how beiradeiro’s way of life has been reproduced in this place, the dynamics of the use of space, the work involved in the support of families and the social relations existing in the place, comparatively in ancient times and in the present time.

Keywords: way of life, reproduction, Reserva Extrativista, beiradeiro, ribeirinho, riveirine, seringueiro, rubber tapper.

In the Xingu Integration region, the dynamics of land use and land cover takes place through accelerated transformations, consolidated mainly by road transport networks, especially from the 1970s onwards with the opening of the Transamazon Highway (BR-230). Thus, the work prioritized analyzing the dynamics of land use and land cover in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio, located in an area of intense socioeconomic and environmental change, especially after the installation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. In this sense, the methodological procedures focused on collecting information and data in digital databases, and on the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the material obtained and bibliographical research on the dynamics of land uses in the Amazon region and on the use of geotechnologies as tools for monitor the territorial dynamics of these uses. Thus, in the first stage of the work, bibliographical research was carried out in digital databases, seeking studies on the dynamics of land uses in the Amazon region and on the use of geotechnologies as tools to monitor the territorial dynamics of these uses, particularly in relation to the process. deforestation, one of the most sensitive issues in the environmental issue today. In the second stage of the work, the website of the Annual Mapping Project for Land Cover and Land Use in Brazil - Mapbiomas, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) were searched for land use and occupation of the municipality of Senador José Porfírio for the period 2010 to 2018. The same is being done in PRODES 2019 (General Coordination of Earth Observation-OBT/INPE). The objective of the research was to analyze the dynamics of land use in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio, from 2010 to 2020, considering the historical and economic aspects, as well as their socio-environmental, landscape and territorial expressions. In the results, it was found that, for this period of research, agriculture suffered variations in its perennial culture in relation mainly to government restrictions, but there was an emphasis on cocoa production. It was analyzed that illegal logging, deforestation, in addition to land grabbing for agricultural production has been advancing mainly in areas of settlements and indigenous lands, which intensified political, socioenvironmental, economic, land and landscape problems, especially with the sector agriculture, mining, traditional peoples and agroextractivos. In this context, there is an accelerated process of antagonistic appropriation of space by its various social agents for eventual productions of territories and territorialities. In this regard, in this 21st century, with the entry of international capital in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio-PA, local populations and their ways of life are still disregarded.

Keywords: Xingu Region. Territorial dynamics. Environmental impacts.

Esta Tese de Doutorado em Geografia versa sobre a Zona Costeira Paraense como um recorte espacial que sintetiza as particularidades amazônicas, e simultaneamente, ilustra com clareza os elementos constitutivos e estruturantes da formação espacial brasileira. A investigação objetiva compreender a importância da propriedade da terra (em sentido amplo, envolvendo os recursos hídricos, em suas múltiplas dimensões, sendo assim, propriedade das terras e das águas), para a reprodução das elites locais enquanto agentes hegemônicos, no controle da produção do espaço, do ordenamento territorial e na regulação das formas e do valor do trabalho. Enxerga-se nas “atividades compensatórias” um fundamento da reprodução da subsunção formal que caracterizou o pacto horizontal interoligárguico fundante da formação espacial brasileira, que estrutura o Estado nacional brasileiro, após a superação das formações espaciais particulares herdadas da colonização. Defende a análise das estruturas espaciais, das dinâmicas territoriais e, particularmente, da mudança dos vetores de desenvolvimento da Zona Costeira Paraense como ferramentas para compreender a passagem histórica da subsunção formal para a subsunção real na formação espacial brasileira (a qual, no caso amazônico, se deu na forma truculenta da imposição dos “Grandes Projetos”), com a produção de contraespaços que materializam e espacializam as exterioridades do capital.

The climate change causes concern due to the material and immaterial impacts that society has. The cities are more exposed to these impacts, because concentrate people and essential services, such as hospitals, banks, schools, among others. The adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cities is a means of coping with impacts, however it requires financial investments that may come from public, private or climate funds. The climate finance is an important topic in the debate on climate change, it aims to concentration financial investments that are directed to countries or cities to assist in the elaboration and implementation of adaptive or mitigating measures in the face of climate change. However, access to climate finance is still restricted due to factors such as technical or organizational capacity, and scenarios of social and structural vulnerability of stakeholders in financing. Another restrictive factor of access is that the sources of financing have limited financial resources. Through this, funding sources need criteria to select funding recipients, one of the criteria involves the applicants' readiness and vulnerability scenario. The climate change and the accentuation of extreme events also have an impact on the Amazon; therefore, actions preservation and conservation have always been a global public and private interest. The Amazonian cities have also suffered from the impacts of climate change, so its insertion in debates involving climate change and climate finance is of paramount importance to promote their development combined with facing the adverse damage from climate change. In this scenario, the research aims to elucidate the climate financing scenario for Amazonian cities and their levels of adaptation considering vulnerability and readiness. Therefore, the methodology for the climate financing scenario of Amazonian cities uses stages of searching, processing and analyzing data from climate financing projects. For the adaptation levels, the propositions used by Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) project, known as the Country Index and Urban Adaptation Assessment, are used on a methodological basis aiming at the formulation of the Adaptation Level Index of Amazonian cities facing extreme flood events.
Keyword: Vulnerability. Readiness. Adaptation. Mitigation. Cities. Climate Finance. Amazon.

This dissertation proposes to analyze the homicides in one of the Marabá (PA) nuclei, the
Nova Marabá. Violence and criminality are in evidence in the ambit of academic discussions,
therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to understand these dynamics, since they are
phenomena that are impacting all social spheres, thus demystifying the notion of common
sense that they occur only in marginalized areas of Brazilian cities. It can be identified that the
formation of territories in urban space serves as a stage for the materialization of violence
through various agents residing and producing the space according to their interests. The city
of Marabá is an example, its historical-geographical formation process carries the
materialization of violence in its diverse faces. Considering this characteristic, the research in
question aims to understand how the entry of new territorial agents resulting from the process
of urban expansion implied the territorialization of homicidal violence in the Nova Marabá
nucleus, in the city of Marabá (PA), between the years 2014 and 2019. For a better
understanding of the problem, let us stick to a theoretical reflection on the theme of urban
violence, rescuing in the territorial formation of the city of Marabá its first signs of violence,
which range from economic cycles, land conflicts, speculation through large projects to urban
expansion still occurring, where violence is present in different intensities. However, through
the data provided by the Regional Policing Command (CPR II) it was possible to identify the
excessive growth of homicide rates in the Nova Marabá nucleus, taking into account that the
city of Marabá is polynucleated (Marabá Pioneira, Cidade Nova, Nova Marabá, São Félix and
Morada Nova), the time cut-off chosen is related to the availability of official data that
subsidized the analysis. The work is structured in three chapters: the first refers to a
theoretical discussion of territory and violence, the second is about the socio-territorial
formation of Marabá and the third follows the formation of its nucleus, Nova Marabá, as well
as its territorialization of violence happens.

Key-words: Urban violence; Homicide; Marabá; Nova Marabá; Territorialization.

The Itacaiunas River Basin (BHRI) has its source in the main channel located in the Serra da Seringa, in the municipality of Água Azul do Norte, state of Pará. Much of the economic resources come from mineral and agricultural exploration; consequently, the basin also faces strong environmental impacts arising from this and other activities linked to the economic use of its natural resources. With this information and others in mind, this dissertation aims to analyze the landscape dynamics in the Itacaiunas River Basin, through the application of bibliographic review methodology, cartographic elaboration, morphometric characterization, land use and occupation and diagnosis aiming subsidize environmental planning. The theoretical basis was based on the discussion about the geoecology of the landscape, highlighting the Landscape as a category of geographic research, in addition to the discussion on hydrographic basins in environmental management. The research covers three levels of analysis: characterization of the social and environmental aspects of BHRI; verification of information extracted from vector and matrix data for physiographic and fluviomorphological characterization of the basin, a stage in which it is intended to apply the morphological and vegetative indices; and the elaboration of the diagnosis and prognosis for BHRI. The research results present important data on this spatial cutout, primarily on environmental elements in addition to socioeconomic data. Subsequently, the morphometric data of hypsometry, slope, compartmentalization in high, medium and low course were analyzed, and also the hierarchy data of the channels, confirming a 5th order drainage, in addition to the morphometric data from which the conditions of susceptibility to floods. On the classes of land use and occupation, through the analysis of Landsat 8 Oli sensor images, acquired on 06/28/2020, in orbits 223, 224, 225 and points 65, 64, 4 classes were identified: Water ( 0.228%), Ombrophilous Dense Forest (41.934%), Agriculture (56.625%) and Non-Agricultural Anthropic Area (1.147%), making it possible to correlate these data with vegetative indices, presenting the spectral thresholds for dense vegetation, little vegetation and without vegetation the NDVI, SAVI and IAF values respectively (0.6729715 / 1,009 / 1,609), (0.0189145 / 0.028 / - 1.122), (-0.308115 / -1.492 / -2.949). Finally, regarding the diagnosis of the identification of environmental problems in the basin, they confirm a high degree of anthropic intervention, due to the intensive nature of land use and occupation, aggravated mainly in agricultural areas, modifying the landscape by removing vegetation cover, in addition to cause changes in the hydrological patterns of the basin. In turn, the transformations of the landscape are the result of the interaction of man with nature, which shows the need to carry out an integrated, participatory planning, according to the current scenario in the referred basin, raised through consistent and sufficient data to propose solutions. legal, through the types of land use, aiming at an ideal scenario, with the intention of reversing the current situation of the referred basin.

The restructuring processes of the city, emanating from the new centralities from high-impact urban equipment, have been the target of many recent studies. Within this perspective, the city of Belém-PA, in recent years, underwent reconfigurations in the territorial structures as a result of the process of metropolitan dispersion and the advance of new agents producing urban space, contributing to the induction of new forms of use and occupation of the urban soil It is worth noting here the role that Augusto Montenegro Avenue has played as a space of production and consumption linked to state actions, excluded social agents, and last but not least, the actions of new economic agents associated with the territorialization of capital, such as financially-owned real estate. The motivation of this work was due to the observations made on the recent modifications coming from the construction companies and real estate agents installed in said avenue, which aim at the implementation of services, commerce and the production of houses in closed condominiums, that is, they exercise a direct action in the process of restructuring the urban space, interfering both in spatial relations. The objective of this research is to analyze how the urban centrality in the Augusto Montenegro Avenue has been configured, starting from the activities of commerce and services, given the context of the densification of the circuits of the urban economy, the advance of the financialized real estate and the restructuring of the city of Belém from the years of 2000. The methodology adopted consisted of an approach of the dialectic method of way, that allows to investigate the contradictions in the production of the constructed space. From the point of view of the methodological procedures, qualitative research was carried out with a survey and bibliographical analysis, survey and documentary analysis, qualitative systematic observations, cartographic production, photographic records, application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to understand the various aspects of the restructuring in the studied perimeter.
Keywords: Restructuring of the city. Urban Space. Center and urban centrality. Belém.

The objective of the research is to understand how the process of urban and city restructuring of Marabá has been taking place, through the processes of center and centrality in the socioeconomic dimensions, whose spatial scope are the three central areas of the nuclei, namely: Marabá Pioneer, Nova Marabá and Cidade Nova in the period between 2000 and 2020. Although the analysis is based on the three intraurban spatial fractions mentioned and with indicated temporal clipping, it was sometimes necessary to insert long-distance sway mentions to to substantiate the scope of the research, as well as to go back in time in order to apprehend the spatial processes that determined the formation of the Maraba territory, apprehended in the forms and even functions that still persist and coexist with "new" dynamics, establishing a dialectical relationship between the traditional-modern and its resistance, coexistence and suppression. It became necessary to insert the discussion about modernity in order to understand the manifestations of this phenomenon in space through polycentric urban centralities, that is, materiality under technical support modern production and consumption. Thus, the economic centers and centralities emerge, with their greater significance of reconfiguration in the urban fabric, for services and trade activities, interpreted as polycentrality by the technical-transnational content it carries. The phenomenon of centrality produces substantial changes in urban content, which denotes the creation and / or intensification of central areas, complexing the intelligibility of the relations of both interscalarity and intra-urban spatial interaction. Given this reality, we carried out the analysis in order to unveil the dynamics of the three centers that promote interscalarity by the facet of services and commerce, the same factors being associated with the social factor that was used to understand the relationships of intra-urban spatial interaction, in addition to an urban subsystemic perspective, aiming to apprehend complementarities and competitiveness among themselves. In this way, we consider that the contribution of the thesis results from the set of empirical elements raised and assessed as spatial dynamics, whose results apprehend that the concepts, center and urban centrality exerts significant importance when it is envisaged to recognize the process of urban and city restructuring, through the treatment of secondary and primary data, these, obtained through interlocution through various operational methodologies applied to subjects, resident, consumer, worker, capital and state, highlighting that it is a (multi) polycentric city composed of three interrelational polymorphic inter-scale centers, that is, with its particular forms, whose spatial expression is it verifies in the urban landscape of each center and the economic centralities with their respective interbred endogenous and exogenous contents.

We have exposed in this work the doctorate thesis titled: LAND USE, OIL PALM
FARMING AND PRODUCTION OF FOOD CROPS: An Analysis of Family Farmers
Integrated with the Company Agropalma, in the municipality of Moju, PA, Brazil. We defend
in the thesis that oil palm farming reduces food production in the locations where it is
implemented. Our hypothesis is that this reduction occurs because the implementation of family
agriculture projects with oil palm cultivation requires two essential resources: labor and land.
In the specific case of pilot projects I (2002) and III (2005), integrated with the company
Agropalma, the occupation of the area was different compared with the occupation of the area
of project IV (2006). We aimed to analyze the impacts of oil palm farming expansion on food
production by the family groups integrated with the productive chain of oil palm in the
municipality of Moju. We wished, in this study, just as Nahum and Santos (2015), to
geographically interpret the oil palm farming dynamics in the municipality of Moju starting at
the category of used land (Santos; Silveira, 2001). We used, in this study, two methodologically
complementary procedures: The analytical methodology based on the periodization and event
concepts by Santos (2006) and Santos and Silveira (2001), which allowed us to think of a
previous time (T1), the arrival of events (projects), and a period of time after the implementation
of the projects (T2); and the operational methodology composed of literature review,
cartographic surveys, structured and semi-structured interviews, and field work. The thesis is
structured in three parts: In the first chapter, we analyze the land use by small family farmers
prior to the arrival of family projects with oil palm crops. We used the peasant farm category
by Woortmann (1983) to empirically show those dynamics. In those properties, land uses were
subjected to different forms of work, solidarity bonds, and production systems. Their
productions aimed at both consumption (use) and sale (exchange). In the second chapter, we
show the events that shaped the family agriculture projects with oil palm farming in the Alto
Moju and PA 150 regions, in the municipality of Moju. We analyzed, above all, the events that
enabled the emergence of projects I (Arauaí I) and project II (Arauaí II), part of the Association
of Community Development of the Arauaí Sector (Associação do Desenvolvimento
Comunitário do Ramal do Arauaí - ASDECRA). In the third chapter, we analyze the
transformations the process of integrating family projects to oil palm farming brought to land
use, to the subjects, and to the production of food crops that fed the households and myriad
remote homes.
Keywords: Land use, oil palm farming, peasant farm, family and peasant agriculture.

Tourism emerges in institutional discourses as one of the main economic possibilities
for underdeveloped countries. Several approaches have consolidated the attempt to
conceptualize or dimension tourism in the academic and institutional spheres. Some
contributions in the social sciences characterize as a phenomenon of social, economic,
political, cultural, psychological, anthropological, ecological and spatial dimensions.
Given this, this proposal starts from the conceptual distinction between tourism and
tourist space. The first as social practice and the second as a material expression, the
objects and actions of the spaces of representation and the representation of space, a
dimension of geographical space. Due to the multiple possibilities of approach on the
tourist space and the need to overcome the traditional conception of industry or industry,
an alternative analysis is sought that reaches the reality of the Amazon. In order to
respond to this challenge, this work aims to analyze the implications inherent to the
degree of modernization and the process of patrimonialization in the formation of two
circuits of production of the tourist area of the Atlantic Amazon in Pará, based on the
case study of municipalities of Bragança and Salinópolis. For such an effort to
understand the production of the tourist space in the Atlantic Amazon, Pará. The first
chapters deal, respectively, on theoretical-conceptual aspects and on the regional tourist
space. The third and fourth chapters characterize and analyze the production of the
tourist space in the chosen municipalities as a case study, starting from the application
of the theory of the two circuits of the urban economy. It is hoped to demonstrate the
particularities of the production of the regional tourist space, its limits and possibilities.
Keywords: Tourism, Modernization, Patrimonialization

Considering that the process of socio-territorial formation of the city of Tucuruí had been configured in the organization undertaken by the axes of river-railroad and road-energy circulation, the city started to contain forms and contents that explain the production of space in a constant movement of actions internal and external. Thus, in order to visualize the various faces of the city, its urban expansion and to characterize its role in the regional division of labor and in the urban network of its immediate region, it was problematized, as the historically constituted circulation axes promoted an inter and intra organization -urban differentiated for Tucuruí? Thus, the objective was to analyze from the axes of circulation the production and spatial organization intra and inter urban of Tucuruí and to portray what the city profile that Tucuruí started to develop after the structuring of the energy industry, its current configuration in the urban network Amazon. To this end, we proceeded with: Bibliographic and documentary surveys and analyzes, fieldwork, direct systematic observation, application of field forms and interviews, surveys of ichnographic material and their analysis. Two spatial arrangements were adopted: commerce (supermarkets, department stores and fishing activity) and services (technical / higher education and medium and high complexity health, plus subscription TVs) to analyze the objective of this research. This technical and empirical tool gave us support to highlight: the production of urban space based on technical networks and circulation axes in Tucuruí-PA; b) to point out, currently, that there is a social production of space starting from / around the city, no longer configured to exclusively serve UHT; and c) that Tucuruí, even presenting permanences and coexistences of a riverside city, has been presenting itself in a profile of regional sub-center of territorial responsibility vis-à-vis the urban network of its immediate region.

In addition to the work already established by other researchers on conflicts and cartographic representation as a central axis in the study of the Amazonian territory, the main argument of the project is focused on highlighting the territorial conflicts surrounding the first mineral projects since the arrival of the first mineral projects. Serra dos Carajás deposits, a space bordering several municipalities of Pará. The work includes a geographical explanation of the evolution of mining and how since the second half of the twentieth century it transforms the space to conform the territorialities that currently delimit the municipalities of the old Marabá. Knowing the operational areas and interests of Vale and the gold mining, it is possible to identify the conflicts generated by mineral exploration and the consequences for groups of the territory with different socio-spatial realities. Given that mining exercises as a dominant group in the territory, it shapes in space some territorialities for development that satisfy the political power, but that does not reflect the spatial reality of the local population. With this, the cartographic representation of the groups can face different themes.

Urban and peri-urban agriculture is an important tool to meet the growing food needs of the urban population worldwide and especially in large cities and even in some small municipalities. In this sense, the objective of this qualification report is to seek to understand the contribution of urban and peri-urban agriculture to the development of the municipality of Marituba do Pará. Thus, the experience was conducted to a theoretical discussion by means of a bibliographic survey referring to urban and peri-urban agriculture. Too much we will be interviewing through right observations and meetings with farmers. It is also noteworthy in this report the strengths of urban and peri-urban agriculture, as well as its weaknesses in the light of several authors who work in the field that produce reflections that allow us to understand the potential of agriculture in the city, as well as its areas Peripheral. Moreover, from the fieldwork, other chapters will be developed to identify the socio-spatial relations of production related to its activities and the effects of urban and peri-urban agriculture on urban environment and to analyze the role of Socio-spatial forces of urban and periurban agriculture of Marituba do Pará.
Keys words: urban and peri-urban agriculture. Local development. Marituba – PA.

The Tomé-Açu Microregion (MRGTA), composed by Acará, Moju, Thailand, Concórdia do Pará and Tomé-Açu municipalities, are quite different from the past, whose transformations in the landscape mosaic reflect the attention and integration strategies. Amazon with the rest of the country. Several mechanisms have been created to attract investments to facilitate and expedite the exploration of the region, including the distribution of tax and credit incentives that have benefited and continue to benefit various companies, including non-payment of taxes, all with the purpose of ensuring trade and to guarantee the survival of productive apparatus of great significance for the country, especially of plant extraction. National incentive programs for biodiesel production reflect the attention and strategies of integration of the Amazon with the rest of the country, through the diversification and expansion of the industrial sector, especially the palm oil production industry. Thus, it is observed that to some extent the rural landscape of MRGTA has changed, as a result of the money and benefits granted by the State for the planting of Elaeis guinenses jacq (palm). We reflect on MRGTA's landscape transformations, such as “space-clad clothing”, which refers to a place associated with other places, originating a region that interacts with others in the national territory, which in turn dialogues with global spatial logics. The main methodological procedures adopted were: the bibliographic review to study the plans, programs, policies and formation of palm oil production in the Paraense Amazon; interpretation and extraction of satellite images from African palm (oil palm) crop plots and their distribution and special dimension; study of geosystemic Landscape Units (UPs) at higher levels (zone, domain and region) and lower units (geosystem, geofacies and geotope), as well as the combination of physical, biological and anthropic elements and finally the transformations and dynamics from 1988 to 2018. In three decades, some changes in the landscape mosaic were interpreted, resulting from new re-editions of the policies implemented in the Amazon, especially for the production of palm oil agribusiness, understood as necessary to the interests of society. based on “sustainable policies” on the generation of labor, employment and income and environmental conservation in economically stagnant and environmentally degraded regions.
Keyword: Permanent culture. Public policy. Landscape units.

Socio-spatial inequalities are characteristic of contemporary society. This is a reflection, product, condition and means of this relationship in the city's production that reveals its visible or not visible marks. The villa is one of these brands. Over time the rent of land and private property conferred housing exchange value. These are one of the many faces of the capitalist mode of production. This paper aims to make an analysis of the production of urban space from the production of housing in the municipality of Marituba in the state of Pará. Marituba is characterized by its location near the capital Belém and also located within the RMB. Entry and exit point of the capital, the city has its history marked by the construction of EFB. The methodology used will be historical and dialectical materialism. The methodological procedures consist of a bibliographical review referring to the developed theme. The second part of the research will be of paramount importance as field work will be developed with quantitative and qualitative data collection, including visits to projects already implemented. Field visits to the Municipal Housing Secretariat (SEHAB), COHAB, Caixa Econômica Federal and housing agency. The third part will be the analysis of the data obtained regarding the PMCMV and the cartographic production and the production of the written dissertation with all the results obtained throughout the research. In the last part will be produced, charts, tables tables with the results. Abstract: Urban space production, socio-spatial inequality, Housing Production, Marituba.

In the production of the city's space, the party is characterized as a phenomenon of rupture of the ordinary space-time of the daily life that has its rhythm dictated by the labor activities giving rise to the denominated festive space-time, being also one of the socio-spatial practices responsible for the appropriation of space in cities, especially those considered public. This appropriation is carried out from the strategies and / or tactics of different socio-spatial agents that act in the production of the festive space, either within the space of representation or the representation of space and through this festive appropriation it assigns other types of uses that usually do not appear in the ordinary space-time of the daily life of the city. Among the many examples of parties that change the usual temporality, we adopt as an empirical reference, the carnival of the municipality of Vigia - PA, one of the most traditional in the Amazon region and that throughout its history has undergone transformations in its content following the logic of urban-spectacularization (also present in other cities of the Amazon region) and that influences the spatiality of the party's socio-spatial agents and the way they use public spaces. Therefore, the present work has as objective to analyze the production of the space of representation and representation from the appropriation of spaces considered public paying attention to their different uses during the festive events having as an empirical reference the carnival of Vigia-PA. In order to reach this objective we opted to develop the research through the dialectical method and the methodology of qualitative basis that had as procedures the survey and bibliographical revision, field work and cartographic production. The structure and writing of the dissertation followed the steps of the regressive-progressive method proposed by Henri Lefebvre, which consists of three stages: theoretical-descriptive, analytic-regressive and historical-genetic. The research found that even with the logic of the representation of space coopted by capital and imposed by those who play the dominant strategies in the carnival party, there are resistances, spontaneous manifestations that do not follow the normative strategies and that are there because the agents who practice them have in the space of the party a symbolism and that certain ways in which these public spaces are used in the carnival are the way they live the party which refers to the lived aspect or space of representation of each participant.
Keywords: carnival; City; production of space.

The analysis of the relationship between the dendeiculture and the New Brazilian Forest Code in the Tomé-Açu microregion, Northeast of Pará, is the object of reflection of this study, whose objective is to describe and analyze environmental legislation from the time when Brazil was a colony, until the present day, so that the theme can be understood culturally in relation to the history of the region. The methodology used was documentary research and bibliographical review, through which historical, conceptual and legal elements about the forest were recovered. The results showed that since the colonization period, the Portuguese have imposed "environmental" legislation, which was, in fact, much more concerned with defending the monopoly of the crown and environmental laws are fragile and require various modifications. In the course of the 20th century, several agricultural projects were organized in the north-east of Para, in the micro-region of Tome-Açu, until reaching the oil palm, which had public or private investment, techniques and public policies, aimed at the expansion of the oil palm in the Amazon, international importance. It has been verified, according to previous researches, that this culture allows man to be established in the countryside, that he has a source of income throughout the year, thus making it possible to improve his socioeconomic condition, absorbing large numbers of local labor, counting with more than 10,000 direct and indirect workers, although some scholars believe that the plantation promotes the destruction of local peasant agriculture, contributing to the exclusion of the peasantry. However, the considerations presented in the last chapter of this study do not intend to defend a single and absolute truth on the subject, given their magnitude and importance, but they lead one to believe that both the current Forest Code and the oil palm culture in the region are still in the process of evolution, serving as a reference guide for further steps.
Keywords: Forest Code. Farming. Environmental legislation.

Brazilian cities have been experiencing an intense process of population growth resulting from a migration of the population of rural areas towards the more urbanized areas. Due to this movement many areas grew without any form of planning leaving these spaces with socio-environmental problems. In this sense, it is important to carry out an environmental planning in order to reduce the negative impacts on urban spaces and thus improve the environmental quality to develop an urban sustainability that has environmentally balanced spaces, providing comfort for the resident population. The objective of this work is to analyze the environmental situation of the Cruzeiro and Tenoné districts of the administrative district of Icoaraci - Belém. The methodology proposed by Kawakubo and Morato (2007) was used to analyze the situation of the urban environmental quality of neighborhoods, based on data provided by IBGE (2010), for the elaboration of indices of ten selected indicators: lighting, paving, sidewalk, plant cover, absence of accumulated garbage, collected garbage, water supply, sewage absence open air and sanitary sewage, after developing a synthetic index, the urban environmental quality index. Next, a map of the distribution of the indicators used by the census tract of the neighborhoods was elaborated. And with the results about the urban environmental quality of the neighborhoods of Cruzeiro and Tenoné, it was possible to see which indicators are the most precarious and that need intervention of public policies aimed at the minimization of the impacts so that adequate conditions of living of the populations are established.
Keywords: Environmental Planning; Urban Environmental Quality; Environmental Indicators; Geoprocessing; Environment.

The Mata Fome Basin in Belém has been undergoing socio-spatial changes since the 1980s due to the urban occupation process, which has resulted in the diversification of land uses in the basin. In turn, the diversity of land uses has led to socio-environmental conflicts. The present work has the objective of analyzing the socioenvironmental conflicts in the Mata Fome Basin, emphasizing land conflicts. For this purpose, land use mapping was carried out, as well as the socioenvironmental conflicts that occur in the basin, where it was found that land conflicts are the most numerous. In this sense, it was verified throughout this research that the land conflicts in the area of study have different times of occurrence and involve two social actors: the residents of the spontaneous occupations and the proprietors land. These litigations occur due to the different interests of these social groups regarding land ownership, since for the first group the land has the function of housing, while for the second, it has the purpose of real estate speculation.
Keywords: Urban occupation; Land use; Conflicts.

The city of Castanhal from the beginning of the XXI century has undergone significant transformations in the composition of its urban space, marked by an intense population increase and by a rapid process of expansion of the urban fabric that grows by means of the expansion of its peripheral spaces. The whole of these transformations reverberates in new territorial configurations regarding the production of socio-spatial inequalities and housing in the city, where the My Home My Life Program (PMCMV) plays an important role. In this respect, the respective program launched in 2009 by the federal government, has significant effects on (re) organization of the space of several Brazilian cities. In the scale of the city of Castanhal the analysis concerning the conditions of insertion of the enterprises of the respective program brings to the fore problems related to the reproduction of the inequality and the spatial injustice. In view of this, this paper aims to analyze how the production of urban space from the PMCMV, interfere in the production of housing and social and spatial inequality in the city of Castanhal / PA. It is defended the idea that the current dynamics of housing production promoted by PMCMV ventures in the city has contributed to reinforce the existing pattern of socio-spatial inequalities by ratifying the differences between the subjects that produce and consume the urban space of the city, constituting still element of negation of the principles of space justice and the right to the city. The research, therefore, consists of a case study, from which a bibliographic and documentary survey, cartographic production, qualitative systematic observations, photographic records and semi-structured interviews were carried out in the enterprises that make up both the income brackets of the program and in those built and marketed through the granting of credit to housing finance. The results show that the meaning of the program in the expansion of the urban fabric of Castanhal as well as the promotion of socio-spatial inequality are directly related to the type of public served in their respective income brackets. It was also found that its effects on the city extend beyond only the implications related to the undertakings of its ranges of performance. The program, which also introduced a large amount of credit in the private sector, has boosted the city's real estate growth and the number of private enterprises built, thus characterizing not only as a public policy of social interest but also as an essential opportunity for expansion of the real estate market and of the city's own urban fabric by printing in the production of its spaces a series of inequalities and spatial injustices through the production of housing. KEYWORDS: Household Production; Socio-spatial inequality; My Home My Life Program; Castanhal.

The city of Bragança, located in the Northeast of Pará, is classified under the urban network of the Northeast of Paraense as a sub-regional center B according to the study of REGIC 2007 (IBGE, 2008), based on its regional urban centrality as a fundamental element in the process of intensifying spatial interactions and, therefore, the very structuring of the urban network. In this sense, Bragança constitutes important regional articulations that are expressed through fishing activity, highlighted in the present research, whose main objective is to analyze the implications of the fishing activity on the urban-regional centrality of Bragança and on the structuring of its urban space. The methodological procedures, developed with the purpose of reaching the established objectives, involve the constitution of a theoretical basis, the collection and analysis of documents and secondary data and the accomplishment of fieldwork, with several purposes, among them, the accomplishment of interviews. In this way, it was observed that fishing stands out as a structuring activity and constituent of constant flows of people, goods and services to the city of Bragança, providing the municipality by means of the commercialization of the fish great prominence in what concerns its urban-regional centrality within the urban network of Northeast of Para.
Keywords: Urban Structuring, Urban-Regional Centralization, Spatial Interactions.

This dissertation presents the research on the socio-spatial and socio-territorial movements of the field and the Agrarian Question in the Paraense Amazon, above all the theoretical reflections signed within the scope of the debate in the Nucleus of Agricultural Studies and Research on Development, Space and Conflict (NEADEC). we aim at an interpretation of the territory, as a totality that composes the manifested conflict in multiple dimensions and scales, and the unfolding of this in the concept of socio - territorial movements as a seminal geographic methodological theoretical instrument to understand the conflicts in the midst of the struggles of collective agents in the countryside. among them, we established the Field Education as an element that produces and reproduces the territorialities and way of life of peasants, revealing their indispensability for resistance and re-creation of the peasantry. this report contains a theoretical reflection on space, territory, sociospatial and socioterritorial movements, and then the framework of what has been constructed as second, third and fourth chapter, which present the paradigmatic debate between the Agrarian Question Paradigm (PQA) agrarian capitalism paradigm (PCA), the current trajectory and struggles of the MST, as well as its struggle for Field Education. the methodology used was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the topic discussed, participant observation and interviews with Sem Terra leaders.
Keywords: Amazon; Territory; Rural Education; Socio-territorial movements.

The community The remnant quilombo community of São Tomé de Tauçú presents
restructuring in its way of life, via capitalist system of production and insertion of new
cultural standards. Based on this, this research is questioned around which are the factors that
are generating modifications in the traditional way of life from the insertion of new patterns
and elements that are restructuring and remodeling the culture of the remainders of quilombo.
As well as, it aims to a) Analyze the concepts and conceptions about the way of life, methods,
etc .; b) Explain how the process of restructuring the quilombola way of life has been
occurring from its trajectory in the Amazon and, consequently, if these social actors are
resisting this process or not; c) Identify the factors that are contributing to the restructuring of
the traditional living standards of quilombo remnants. We propose to verify: "The
restructuring of the quilombola way of life of São Tomé de Tauçú in the River Acutipereira
Municipality of Portel (PA)" aiming to analyze the transformations in the quilombola way of
life and its unfolding in contemporaneity and consequently the elements that are being
replaced by the innovation of the production process in the Quilombola territory of Tauçú.
Thus, the capitalist system of production has promoted to the reorganization, restructuring of
the social environment, customs, beliefs, habits and production process, presenting facilities
in the way of subsisting. Therefore it is also verified as a result of the bond with the municipal
public power and by the benefits of social programs, family bag, green bag and etc.
Keywords: Restructuring, Remnant of Quilombo, Way of life, Amazon.

Since the second half of the 20^th century the Legal Amazon was the target of regional development polices whose impacts alter the space organization pattern. A new urban configuration associated with the national integration arose. In this context, new urban cores emerged.  The analysis of statistic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicates a relation between the urbanization process and the population dynamics emerging through the implantation of projects of infrastructure (power lines and roads), colonization, mineral resources exploration (mineral and wood extraction) and agropastoralism. Considering that information and using data from the state of Para, the Annual Growth Geometric Rate (TGCA) and the Urbanization Degree were calculated for the intercensal periods of 1991 to 2000, 2000 to 2010 and estimated for the period of 2010 to 201. These values allowed the production of maps that indicate new trends on the population and urban dynamics showing a new growth rate and a new population distribution among these periods. The results are: a population growth of 72% between the years 1991 and 2018 and the fact that the majority of this population lives in the urban area and compose 68% of the state population. There were a reduction on the number of municipalities since 1997 which induced an increase on the number of cities with bigger population, consequently, enhancing the amount of cities with more than 50.000 habitants. The number of immigrants increased by 8% for the Para state according to the census of the years 2000 and 2010 and most of these are inter-regional immigrants.

Keywords: Space of Para State. Population Dynamics. Urbanization.

The use of the hydroelectric option in Brazil was disseminated in the 1950s, during
which the country had as its main purpose the construction of Large Projects, with the purpose
of solving problems related to electric power issues in Brazil. In this way, the insertion of the
Great Projects in the Amazon, whose main argument was that with the construction of these
enterprises would bring the coveted socioeconomic development to the region, disregarding the
regional dynamics and the traditional populations there. For, when deployed in the region, they
disorganize the logic of social organization, inferring innumerable impacts generated both
material and immaterial, the rupture of affective and cultural ties established in the territory,
and these projects are responsible for the organization and control of the territory. The objective
of this dissertation is to analyze the deterritorialization experienced by the families resettled in
the Jatobá RUC, Altamira-PA, as a function of the Belo Monte hydroelectric project. It was
tried to verify the new relations in the resettlement, since they distance themselves from the
relations established in the old territory, of the historically established conditions of material
and immaterial production. In research, the following procedures were defined: bibliographical
and documentary survey, which involves bibliographical survey acquired during the course of
the subjects and orientations, accomplishment of fieldwork, analysis of the study area,
photographs and elaboration of maps. Therefore, the complexity of the processes that take place
with deterritorialization is central, making it clear how these large projects modify not only the
regional productive structure, but also the process of organization of the space and the living
conditions of the people living in the areas affected by the development. Notably, the interests
are based on the capitalist dynamics and seek to produce the spaces, to circumvent the territory,
usually, characterizing the anxieties and dynamics of the local population.
Keywords: Resettled; Territory; Great Projects; UHE Belo Monte;

The municipality of Altamira in the state of Pará, goes through sociospatial, profound
transformations after the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant, which
constitutes itself as a space for the rationalization of capital, from the technical objects used as
a mechanism to bar the Xingu River and thus generate energy. The rational space produced
after the hpp of Belo Monte is directly linked to the hegemonic spatial order, which dictates
rules and spatial norms raved nature and imposing unequal relations. Thus the Xingu region is
affected by mechanisms that bring with it a great environmental impact and a huge social and
spatial inequality after the installation of this technical object. Thus, we sought to understand
from this reflection on the role of social movements in the conjuncture of consolidation and
compliance with the constraints in the agrarian area of Altamira, constituting as agents of
contention of the hegemonic order in space in Formation of the "counter-space" that is
concretized from the organization of civil society in search of rights in the agrarian space of
Altamira (PA).
Keywords: Rational space. Counterspace. Social movements.

This work discusses the concept of Natural Heritage produced by Scifone (2006) and the Production of the Social Space of Lefebvre (1974), having as study area an Amazonian island represented by Cotijuba in Belém do Pará. The general objective is to analyze the Production and Reproduction of the Space of Natural Heritage on the island of Cotijuba, taking into account possible changes in land use and occupation measured by the product of the expansion of the urban fabric of the metropolis. For this purpose, the following methodological procedures were used: a) bibliographic review of themes such as an urban geography and geography of the Amazon for a coherent territorial series between a rural - urban question, a territorial formation of Belém; b) bibliographical review on concepts, themes and theories, highlighting: Natural Heritage, Cultural Heritage and Social Production of Space; c) bibliographic review of a historical-geographical character on the study area in question; d) documental survey about the island of Cotijuba and the information of Belém also related to the island; e) Semistructured interviews that occurred in the fieldworks, carried out with key agents selected in the research, namely: representatives of the community of Cotijuba, external visitors and public authority; f) systematic classification of the workfield and with photographic record on the ways of appropriation and uses of the island, its daily social organization and, thus, its social reproduction in space; g) analysis and systematization of the informations and results, and write the dissertation. As a result, it can be seen that the production of the space in Cotijuba, as an unpatrimonialised Natural Heritage, contemplates issues directly related to the tourist activities carried out there, the intervention of the public power and the organization of the local community. As a living space for former farmers of the reforming colony, migrants from other islands, of the periphery of Belém, and owners of holiday homes, the island urgently needs a territorial planning that takes into account its Natural Heritage, not forgetting the need for Socio-Spatial Development by/for the residents of the Island of Cotijuba.
Keywords: Social Production of Space. Natural Heritage. Metropolization. Tourism. Island of Cotijuba (PA).

This dissertation analyzes the main socioeconomic changes occurring in the
municipality of Breves-Marajó-PA, from 2000 to 2015, due to the decline in logging
activity, which is the main source of employment and income for the local population.
current economy. Through interpretation of the interviews applied to different social
individuals who were part of this process as: ex-logger, traders. This research seeks to
characterize today's social and economic and territorial configuration after the
productive and economic disruption, this, directly interfering in the subsistence
maintenance capacity of the inhabitants of Breves from this activity, besides
emphasizing the main negative social reflexes as unemployment , crime, violence in
general, in this period. However, other traditional economic alternatives such as
agriculture, fishing and extraction of açaí that had been abandoned or underdeveloped,
today, show a remarkable production, especially açaí. At this juncture, welfare policies
along with trade and civil service provision and functionalism have been strengthened
over the decades due to the transformations brought about by the closure of the timber
industry in Breves
Keywords: Economic de-structuring - Logging - Unemployment - Crime

The present study aims to uncover the role and significance of small cities in the amazonian northeast, more precisely on the coast of rias from Pará, through directed research to the municipality of Marapanim and its urban center as listed. As analytical basis was used the proposal of geographic method developed by Milton Santos, with the help of categories and concepts that contribute to the spatial analysis, such as urban network and small cities. The research intents to understand, trhough the effect of spatial division of labor, the consequences of the processes accumulated over the years and the dynamics that make up the Amazon in Pará, thus striving to understand the distinct patterns of traditional cities, roads cities and the inseparability between them on the coast of rias. With the objectives to verify and analyze the participation of the cities in the spatial division of labor, to identify and investigate the intra-urban structuring of urban centers on the coast of rias, as well as the relation of this structure with its role and significance for urban network and the spatial division of labor.
Keywords: small cities; space; urban network; Marapanim; Amazônia.

The present work aims to redeem the field of politics in geography, in the context of the
mineral activity in the state of Pará, mainly faced with various understanding that
conflicts of interests in societies and territories also resolve by bias Political; Starting
from a theoretical reading of the concept of territory, power and politics, where this triad
will be decisive for the understanding of the legislative propositions of the years of 2011
to 2016 focused on mining, and the analysis of the political and territorial management
in the mineral sector Pará and Its impacts on society from public Policy. The relevance
of the research is in the political aspect which involves the decision making which is
essentially important in the social relations of the Government of the state of Pará that,
materialized, cause impacts on the territory with mining, especially in the use of the
mineral rate, Action-regulating instrument in the territory.
Key words: Territory, Power, Politics, Mining; Mineral Rate; Pará.

The present work seeks to make a problematization about the spatialities of the carimbo of Marapanim. We run from experiences and experiences, in transcriptions of "talks" and in field work reports, to trace the flows and practices of the Maraimatim Carimbo, as well as its spaces of representation and spatial representations; We problematized the relations of territorial formation of Marapanim, as the carimbo as a matter of expression, produces territorialities, in its various negotiations, putting into play the different temporalities (from archaisms to modernity). In this sense, it is a reflection on the territorial formations of Marapanim, the influence of music, dance, corporeity and exchanges for the constitution of territories, having the carimbo as a reference for research.

Keywords: Carimbo; Marapanim; territories; Production of space and modernity;

In the large Brazilian metropolises, with accelerated and uneven urban development, there was a significant process of segregation in the cities - many of them seen as a "social mosaic". Timms (1971, apud CORRÊA, 2013), in the context of intense socio-spatial changes, there was an increase in urban violence, materialized mainly by the fear of the city. In Belém, in the last decade, rates of urban violence have grown too much. According to the Brazilian Public Safety Yearbook of 2017, Belém occupies the second place with the highest homicide rates among capitals per 100 thousand inhabitants, and the Guamá neighborhood follows the same perspective, being the neighborhood with the highest homicide rates in the five years of analysis (2011 to 2015), with 322 homicidal deaths. From this brief exposition, this research had as objective to analyze the production of the space of the Guamá neighborhood, as well as the territory and the relations of power that the territorial agents print in this area to verify if these factors imply in the growth of the dynamics of the violence and, more especially homicides there. In addition, to think that crimes such as homicides are not random, that is, several factors are factors that cause a certain portion of the population to be more exposed to this type of violence than others. In this research, we also seek incessantly to understand relevant concepts such as space and territory, power and violence; then it is important to bring to the debate who are the actors who experience these processes more intensely, not only in terms of mastery but of living in the territory (HAESBAERT, 2014), which counts on the participation of the State, often inefficiently , opening spaces for crimes such as: drug trafficking, robberies, even generating an increase in homicides. For this, the methodology used consisted of a bibliographical, documentary, cartographic and field survey, aiming a deep investigation about the possible relations between the way spatial production was triggered in the researched area, with the large number of homicides. From the maps, tables and graphs created, the thematic maps of homicide of the Guamá neighborhood, from the years of 2011 to 2015, stand out. Concluding this dissertation, it was noticed that the issues related to the high homicide rates in the area can’t be considered in isolation, since there is a whole socio-spatial-urban set that has direct or indirect relation with these numbers, and with the profiles the victims and the people who commit such crimes, we can’t see violence as a simple case of police. Issues such as income, housing and education, have a direct influence on the areas most exposed to violence within the Guamá neighborhood.
KEY-WORDS: Space; Territory; Violence.

The present Way of Life shows a set of characteristics that fills with the values and meanings
and we can state that we are talkin about of a community (Achada Ponta), full of cultures,
traditions and traits that connect them to the growth / development and make part of a whole
in evolution / transformation. In the Cape Verde archipelago, fisheries resources are
considered to be a potential vector of development, since they create wealth and jobs, as well
as guarantee, as the feeding source of many families. The principal method by which
fishermen and the rest of the inhabitants of the locality construct their territory and their
territorialities are closely linked with the seasons, which in turn are relevant elements in the
activities already developed. Moreover, in the movement of the species (coming and going),
it directly influencing the option for fishing and the place to build their houses (nature). Due
to the characteristics of small boats and the ages of fishermen and the means used to navegate
at sea. Worthy to emphasize here is for the fact that Fishing is rarely done beyond the limits
stipulated by the authorities (3 miles). Fishing is one of the activities that has always been part
of human cultures, not only as a source of food, but also as a way of life, providing identity to
countless communities, and as an artistic object. In Achada Ponta, fishing is practiced mostly
in the artisanal molds, where traditional techniques, high attachment to the coast, a high
family presence "family labor" and a great dependence on the climatic conditions and the
state of the sea.
Keywords: Achada Ponta. Cape Verde. Lifestyle. Territory. Territoriality: Fishing.

This dissertation discusses about the impacts of hydroelectric enterprises in fishing activity, notably artisanal fishing practiced by fishermen from the municipality of Ferreira Gomes - Amapá. Therefore, the present research started from the assumption that in the deployment of Hydroelectric Power Station the natural dynamics of the river is modified, going from natural to artificial environment, directly reflecting the development of the fishery. In this way, we sought to analyze how the installation of hydroelectric plants of Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão have been impacting the artisanal fishing in the Araguari River, considering that it refers to an activity in which the knowledge of the fishermen about the environment constitutes a knowledge of great importance for the greater use in the fisheries. The research methodology was based on structured and semi-structured interviews with observations and photographic records in the field of research. The systematization and analysis of the data obtained shows that the construction of hydroelectric plants in territories occupied by populations that develop their activities in relation to nature, tend to pass through major changes, spanning from the modification of the environment until the traditional knowledge presented by artisanal fishermen, as well as, they act provoking and / or intensifying conflicts between distinct territorialities, problems that the fishermen of the municipality of Ferreira Gomes are experiencing, reflecting directly on the precariousness of their social reproduction.

Keywords: Hydroelectric; Artisanal Fishing; Araguari River; Territorialities.

The production of dwelling and housing policy in Brazil within the urban space has been
carried out in an articulated way between the public power and economic agents since the
decade of the 1960s. In the context of contemporary socio-spatial processes and dynamics,
housing policies have contributed to an unequal production of the urban space of cities
marked by a hierarchy and fragmentation of space by the real estate sector. In the national
scale, the Lula government defined measures to preserve the Brazilian economy, betting on
the housing sector. Thus, in early 2009, the “Minha Casa Minha Vida Program” (PMCMV)
was launched. On the local scale, the city of Ananindeua becomes a strategic space without
PMCMV investment rights. This dissertation, therefore, intends to analyze the PMCMV and
its implications in the production of social and spatial inequalities in the city of Ananindeua
(Pará) until the year 2016. We defend the idea that PMCMV interferes in the production of
socio-spatial inequalities in the city of Ananindeua (Pará) as an expression of an unequal
production of urban space.
Keywords: Production of Urban Space; Socio-spatial Inequality; Minha Casa Minha Vida
Program; Ananindeua.

It is understood that urban violence becomes one of the great problems faced in the cities, being a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. In Brazil, violence has influences generated by accelerated urban growth and the precariousness of living conditions in large cities. In the state of Pará, especially in the city of Belém, these situations also present, however, with their particularities. In this sense, three processes are important for the work, they are: production of metropolitan urban space, socio-spatial inequality and urban violence. From these processes it was thought how they unfold in the Administrative District of Icoaraci. In this way, it was intended to analyze the dynamics of violence and crime in the neighborhoods of the Icoaraci, District of Belém, from the geographic information of urban space production, metropolization, socio-spatial inequalities, the territory and its relation with the homicides practiced in the period from 2013 to 2015. This study was developed through theoretical review, field research, interviews and analysis of secondary data given by the Avertano Rocha Public Library, Belém City Hall (PMB), Public Security Secretariat of the State of Pará (SEGUP), Deputy Assistant Secretary for Information and Criminal Analysis (SIAC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In the first chapter, we present a bibliographical review of authors of world, national and regional reference regarding the concepts of space metropolization, socio-spatial inequalities, territory and violence, subsidizing the understanding of such processes in the city of Belém and in its District of Icoaraci, locus of research. In the second chapter, a periodization of the formation of the city is exposed, in which we quickly explore its first moment, that of the riverside city, later the city of rubber and the role of Belém as centrality. The decade 1960 was important to understand the reconcentration of the urban space of Belém and the decade of 1970, the process of metropolitan dispersion to new spaces outside the center of the city, among them, Icoaraci, emphasizing the districts of Cruzeiro, former occupation (1850 to 1950); Campina de Icoaraci, intermediate (1950 to the 1970s) and Paracuri, considered as recent (1970 onwards). Regarding the third chapter, we look at the fieldwork and the idea of territories of violence through the conceived, perceived and lived. Being the territory understood as an expression of contradiction, we could understand by means of images the scene of the perceived; the conceived can be seized through data, the precariousness in infrastructures in the neighborhoods of Icoaraci, perceived by the analysis of the cartographic material referring to the homicides and infrastructural problems encountered; the lived was understood through interviews conducted in fieldwork, survey of news from newspapers that permeated the situation of violence in the district, passing quickly by the concept of insecurity. The crime of homicide was analyzed and it was verified that their occurrence has higher indices in the districts that have the most precarious services, relating the same with the processes of metropolization and formation of the district, besides the socio-spatial inequalities, being this crime understood as the extreme apex of urban violence against the person, in which young men, aged between 18 and 24 years were the biggest victims. In this sense, it was thought of the peculiarities that make possible the territorialization of those who wish to dominate the territory: the agents of crime.
KEY-WORDS: Metropolization; Inequality; Violence.

The study of landscape dynamics and environmental degradation in river basin areas in urban environments has shown an acceleration in the midst of human presence. In this sense, it is necessary to use efficient management models in order to provide efficacy in the preservation of these environments. According to Botelho and Silva (2004), river basin development and planning programs aim to maintain water within the basin, thus controlling runoff time and future environmental damage. The present study is based on the river basin Maguari-Açu, located in the municipality of Ananindeua-PA, and aims to analyze spatially the dynamics of the landscape in the urban area of the basin area, using the concepts of geography in its socio-environmental approach based on the PEIR methodology, in order to offer support for the environmental and watershed studies and their process of environmental degradation.In this sense, we will use knowledge about the Landscape category and understand its degree of degradation in studies of impacts in micro urban basins.Using the Pressure-State- Impact and Response to identify indicators of degradation of the proposed area, considering field observations questionnaires, interviews, bibliographical and documentary revision, cartographic and laboratory analysis, as a way of elucidating the research. The research results favor an understanding of the anthropic action on the Landscape dynamics from a socioenvironmental perspective. The results demonstrated the presence of anthropic action on the area of the basin through the inadequate use of land, water and vegetation, where the research identified indicators that caused this process, such as urbanization in the Pressure dimension; the use and occupation of river and land and suppression of vegetation in the State dimension; solid waste pollution, deforestation and sedimentation in the dimension Impact and actions of public agencies and the community itself in the response dimension.
Keywords: Landscape. Hydrographic basin. Socio-environmental. PEIR. Ambiental degradation.

The present dissertation aims to characterize the urban climate of Altamira-PA and to analyze how the population perceives it, emphasizes the temperature and humidity of the air. For this, two approaches were used: climatic and climate perception. The climatic approach uses as a conceptual and methodological basis Monteiro's Urban Climate System (SCU) (1976) to characterize the urban climate with a focus on the thermodynamic human perception channel (thermal comfort) and rhythmic analysis of time types (1971). The rhythmic analysis is carried out from a transect with six points of collection with different geoecological characteristics in the first month of each climatic season of the year. The climate perception approach uses as reference the methodological proposal of Sartori (2000). It should be noted that Sartori's proposal (op. Cit.) Has undergone some changes depending on the geoecological characteristics of the study area in question to be different from the one analyzed by it. In this way, the climatic perception was evaluated from field work with the application of interview forms to the urban population of Altamira-PA, in order to identify people's perception of weather and climate conditions, emphasizing the characteristics of the Winter and austral summer, considering also the geoecological characteristics of the neighborhood where they reside. It was evidenced that in general, for the interviewees the thermal behavior in Altamira-PA shows a variation throughout the year. This behavior associated to other factors linked to the landscape, to sensitive and sensitive components linked to weather, climate, thermal comfort and discomfort, air humidity, rainfall incidence and air temperature behavior throughout the year, allows the definition of a particular season of the year, from a local perspective, which differs from the zonal scope. The climatic rhythm presented in the temporomandibular delimitation tended to below-average temperatures when associated with precipitation and increased cloudiness. On the other hand, the increase in temperature exhibited a tendency to present above-average sunshine for the period. However, summer showed greater dynamism and complexity, so that there were situations with increased temperature, despite expressive rainfall.

In face of the new science paradigm, participatory cartography can be a tool for the analysis
of several territorialities of geographic space. These territorialities are based in the daily life
of who lives in a certain territory. This paper will mainly focus on the dialogue with this
category, understanding the territory in a material way based in the relations of the subject in
this determined fraction of space. Facing this perspective, the main available methodologies
for participatory mapping will be presented. This paper is characterized by a case of study in
the reminiscent quilombola community of Acaraqui, based in field works, bibliographic
research and analysis of documents, as well as observation and techniques of participative
cartography as an instrument for analysis and representation of the territory and territorialities.
It will be presented the process of quilombola territorial formation in Para’s Amazon side.
Highlighting the search for territorial refugee and the strategies developed of survival in these
territories showing the complexity of the presented relations through participatory
cartography representing a set of meanings built through time by the collective subjectivity.

Keywords: Territorialities, Territory, Participatory Cartography.

The current Amazonian context characterized by dispersed metropolitan dynamics
led to the conformation of new urban spatial arrangements that began to interfere in
the conditions of urban mobility and city planning. In this process, the Metropolitan
Region of Belém (RMBN) since the mid-1980s has shown a significant population
growth in the central areas of the municipalities and peripheral areas, forming a
dispersed metropolis with new residential settlements especially located along the
the main urban roads of access to the more urbanized portion of the Municipality of
Belém, the capital of the State of Pará. The municipality of Belém began to present a
dispersed and fragmented character by creating new vectors of expansion beyond its
officially boundaries of the metropolitan area. The objective of this study is to analyze
the effects of metropolitan dispersion on urban mobility and to identify the main
actions of public policies for urban transport corridors in view of the high intercity
movements that occurred mainly along Avenu Almirante Barroso and Highway BR-
316, which form the main access roads to Belém. In order to reach these objectives,
from the methodology of research in official documents and interviews with
managers, three central contribution of analysis were established: The production of
new housing spaces, the planning of Belém (PDU / PDTU) and public policies for the
Public Passenger Transport System (PPST) for the RMB. It is concluded that the
metropolitan dispersion implied in the existence of a population that moves
pendularly toward the place of work and the spaces of consumption of diverse goods
and services. In this sense, there is a daily mobility of the population among the
municipalities of the RMB consolidated by the strong relationship between the
periphery and the central area of the metropolis. It is inferred that such a relationship
began to present a new metropolitan configuration, in the face of which urban
planning actions and public management for urban mobility have privileged the trunk
road corridor connecting the municipalities of the RMB, located in the urban area but
also fundamental for the fragmented, dispersed and discontinuous environment.
Finally, it is suggested that urban mobility should be treated in an integrated way to
the urban management, seeking the best performance of the mobility conditions
between the cities polarized by the metropolis.

The Amazon settlements were created as a strategy to integrate the regional space with the national economy and as a way to release the demographic pressure over the big cities, promoting a migration flux from urban to rural areas. The rural settlements end up having divergent characteristics and spatial patterns from the one idealized by the agrarian reform policies, being dynamic in relation to the transformation and appropriation of their geographic space. One important aspect of this transformation is the need of exploitation and degradation of the natural capital in the process of production of their geographic space. This fact has been reflected by the actual role of the settlements on regional reforestation, representing in average one third of the forest conversion yearly in the Amazon. To evaluate the process of spatial and temporal transformation of the geographic space in the settlements, mainly the one related with loss of forest cover, it is necessary to make use of satellite images and remote sensing analysis. Based on this context, the objective of this research is to use geotechnologies as tools to understand how agrarian reform policies interfere in the landscape dynamics of Amazonian settlements, using the study site the Bom Jardim Settlement Project. This study was done using literature review on the topic of space production and public policies related and affecting the settlements, in addition to the use of the Environmental Regularization Plan of Bom Jardim settlement. These analysis were complemented with the use of Geography Information System and image processing software used to evaluate and classify Landsat 5 and 8 images of distinct periods in order to access the spatial and temporal dynamics of the forest cover 10 years before and 18 years after the creation of the settlement (from 1987 to 2015). The methodology follows the “periodization” approach used to analyze the space temporal dimensions of the problem allowing the identification of distinct breaks that occurred during the establishment of the settlement. Thus the study identified that the process of space production is not only linked with the intervention between the human being and nature, but also that public policies have an important role on shaping the landscape in the settlements. Even with the existence of a solid agrarian reform policy which has been successful in settleling families, the bureaucracy of accessing financial credit, the fragile technical assistance and monitoring of the investments done by the agencies linked with agrarian reform, allied with the immediate needs of the settler, reflects the process of transformation of the geographic space in these settlements, having as main impact the loss of the forest resources.

River basins are key geographic units in water resource management, and river basin problems throughout the world are mainly due to anthropogenic pressure related to land use, domestic effluent disposal, agricultural and industrial effluents, soil erosion, Deforestation, changes in the structure of the biotic communities, among others (GIORDANO et al., 2004, TANAKA, 2008 and DELINOM, 2008). The object of study of this research is the Mocajuba River Basin - BHRM, located in three municipalities of northeast São Paulo: São João da Ponta, Terra Alta and Curuçá, in the demarcation of its limits are contained two Conservation Units. In the western portion the São João da Ponta Marine Stratigraphic Reserve and in the eastern portion the Marine Extraction Reserve Mãe Grande de Curuçá. In general, this river basin has been undergoing degradation as a consequence of lack of basic sanitation, territorial occupation in inappropriate places, deforestation of mangrove areas and other areas for the expansion of agriculture, degradation of Permanent Protected Areas (PPAs), fires, Sedimentation of water bodies (ICMBIO, (2010); PANTOJA, (2012); RODRIGUES & FRANÇA, (2014); TELES, (2016)). And for lack of a management plan, it can manage its various uses. On the other hand, the Mocajuba river has a high importance for the communities that live in its surroundings, since they need their resources for their survival, given that their economic, social and cultural activities are developed in these areas. Therefore, the conservation of natural resources and the sustainable management of BHRM are considered a strategic issue from the environmental point of view, as social and economic for these populations. In this sense, the aim of this research is to analyze the Mocajuba river basin, based on the model PEIR - Pressure-State-Impact-Response as an instrument to evaluate the conditions of use and management of this natural resource, with the aim of contributing to its management . This matrix (PEIR) is structured from the identification of causal anthropic activities or sources of pressures and impacts. These activities, based on socioeconomic, on natural resources produce pressures and impacts that alter the state of its components, in order to assist in mitigation, it is proposed by society or by the public power actions (answers) that can solve or soften them. The research is considered as descriptive, exploratory and in terms of the means evaluated as a case study resulting from the process of consulting the various social and institutional actors directly involved with the environmental problems of the basin. The developed methodological model constitutes an original tool for the area of environmental management, specifically, with respect to activities that impact the environment. Regarding the variables of the PEIR model, these were analyzed based on the absence or presence of the same to the sustainability, taking into account the dimension analyzed.