|
Descrição |
|
|
-
AGATHA ROSSANNI ALVES DAMASCENO
-
Retrospective study of the causes of conviction of a federally inspected slaughterhouse located in Southeast Pará
-
Data: 23/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The quality and safety of products of animal origin are strictly dependent on the technological and hygienic-sanitary processes carried out throughout its production chain, from obtaining and receiving the raw material, to the dispatch of the finished product. The present study aimed to evaluate the causes of convictions, verifying possible flaws in the slaughter flowchart and suggesting possible improvements, in addition to analyzing and evaluating the economic losses caused by total and partial condemnations of food from industry with official federal inspection service. . The study was carried out in a slaughterhouse located in a municipality in the southeastern region of Pará, evaluating the number of condemnations of the viscera of 378,157 slaughtered cattle, with contamination by gastrointestinal content being the most condemned cause, where the prevalence of conviction was 98, 05% in the head, 99.79% in the tongue, 82.89% in the heart, 45.03% in the liver, 100% in the stomachs and 58.25% in the intestines. We conclude that in the present study that contamination by gastrointestinal content is the main cause of condemnation of bovine viscera, suggesting the urgent need to improve the collaborating class involved in the slaughter process, the correlations between the production flowchart of the industries, the main critical points of operational risk and microbiological hazards that involve processing, and that post-mortem inspection is essential in maintaining public health, ensuring food safety and the safety of products that reach the consumer's table.
|
|
|
-
ROSIVALDO LOUREIRO PANTOJA
-
Electrocardiographic evaluation of Sagui-una (Saguinus ursulus) under chemical containment with ketamine and dexmedetomidine
-
Data: 22/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Saguinus ursulus is a primate species endemic to Brazil, classified as vulnerable to extinction. S. ursulus constantly needs anesthesia to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, therefore, monitoring cardiorespiratory function during anesthesia is essential. The aim of the present study was to establish electrocardiographic parameters and reference values for S. ursulus, in the right lateral decubitus (RLD) and dorsal decubitus (DD) positions, under the effects of anesthetics ketamine and dexmedetomidine. Ten specimens of S. ursulus were used, four males and six females, young and adults, weighing between 375 and 574 g. Electrocardiograms revealed that male and female S. ursulus showed normal sinusrhythm in 100% of the animals studied. There was no statistical difference between the parameters extracted from the electrocardiogram in the RLD and DD positions. However, it was observed that gender influenced the results of the P wave amplitude parameter in both positions (p = 0.047). In conclusion, the ECG values obtained in the present study in S. ursulus, can be used as a reference source to veterinarians and researchers, demonstrating that chemical immobilization with the combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine is safe and effective for the species at the dose used in the study
|
|
|
-
INGRID RAISA ARAUJO ATAIDE
-
Radiographic evaluation of the thoracic cavity and use of the VHS (Vertebral heart size) measurement method in Saguinus ursulus
-
Data: 22/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Saguinus ursulus is a newly discovered neotropical primate species and, to this date, no radiographic- anatomical parameters of the thoracic cavity have been published. The aim of the study was to determine an objective cardiac size parameter in healthy Saguinus ursulus specimens using the Vertebral Heartsize (VHS) radiographic measurement method and to provide reference values for structures present in the thoracic cavity. Eleven specimens of S. ursulus were used, six females and five males, young and adult, healthy, weighing between 375 and 574 g, born in wildlife and held captive at the National Primate Center (CENP), in the city of Ananindeua, state of Pará, Brazil. Chest radiographs in the latero-lateral right (LLR), latero-lateral left (LLL) and ventro-dorsal (VD) projections were used to determine a lung pattern and assess the cardiac silhouette using the VHS measurement method, as well as to describe biometric values associated with the cardiac silhouette and thoracic structures. Multiple radiographic parameters of the S. ursulus thoracic cavity were presented. The pulmonary fields generally presented a diffuse interstitial pattern with variations for the bronchial pattern.There were no statistical differences in the VHS values obtained between males and females and between LLR and LLL projections, but significant differences in heart length in VD and LL were observed. The mean value of the estimated VHS for the species was 9.14 ± 0.11 (variation of 7.2-10.3v). It was concluded that chest radiography as a non-invasive imaging modality allowed an accurate and safe assessment of the cardiac silhouette and structures of the chest cavity of Saguinus ursulus. The method of measuring the vertebral heartsize (VHS) proved to be effective and applicable for the species. This study provides an overview of the normal thoracic radiographic anatomy and primary reference parameters for the clinical evaluation of the chest of Saguinus ursulus, generating data that will facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases that affect the species cardiorespiratory system.
|
|
|
-
SANDRA DE MAMEDES COSTA
-
Search for natural infections by Trypanosoma cruzi, Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. in wild carnivores (Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae and Procyonidae) in the Brazilian Amazon
-
Data: 18/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Trypanosoma cruzi, Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. are etiological agents of diseases important for both public and animal health, however there are few studies on these agents in wild carnivores in the Amazon biome. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect the natural infection Trypanosoma cruzi, Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. in procionids, canids and wild felids in the Amazon biome. Biological samples were collected from free-living and captive wild carnivores in the Brazilian Amazon. For the detection of T.cruzi DNA, Nested PCR was performed with primers D71 / 72 and D75 / 76 and blood smears were made. For the detection of Rickettsia spp. Nested PCR was performed with primers 17k-5 / 17k-3 and 17k-1 / 17k-2, with some products sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. For the detection of Borrelia spp. Nested PCR was performed with FlaLL / FlaRL and FlaLS / FlaRS primers. T. cruzi DNA was detected in 38.2% (42/110) and trypomastigote forms were detected in 6.4% (7/110) of wild carnivores. DNA of Rickettsia spp. was detected in 3.7% (4/109) of the animals and there was no detection of Borrelia spp. in the analyzed samples. It is concluded that T. cruzi and R. felis infect free-living and captive wild carnivores in the Amazon biome. Continuous surveillance of the health of these carnivores in zoobotanical parks and adjacent forest fragments is necessary to prevent the occurrence of new infections in these populations and the transmission of these agents to the human population in the regions visited.
|
|
|
-
DIANA MARIA DE FARIAS
-
Epidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild rats and of Histoplasma capsulatum and Mycoplasma spp. in small wild mammals and companion animals in remaining forest areas in the eastern Amazon.
-
Data: 17/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Trypanosoma cruzi, Histoplasma capsulatum and Mycoplasma spp. are etiological agents of diseases important for public and animal health. However, there are few studies about these agents in domestic and wild mammals in the Amazon biome. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect the infection and to evaluate the cardiac changes caused by T. cruzi in wild rats in the Amazon biome and to detect infections by H. capsulatum and Mycoplasma spp. in small wild mammals from peri-urban forest remnants and dogs and cats reared in peridomicile in the Eastern Amazon. Biological samples were collected from free-living rats and marsupials captured in three peri-urban forest fragments. Dogs and cats residing in rural communities adjacent to these fragments were also examined. Detection of T. cruzi DNA on cardiac musculature of wild rats was performed a nested-PCR with the primers D71/72 and D75/76, histopathological exams, and immunohistochemistry analysis. For the detection of H. capsulatum DNA was performed a nested-PCR with the primers HCI/HCII and HCIII/HCIV and for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. DNA was performed a PCR with the HBT-F and HBT-R primers, being some products sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. T. cruzi DNA was detected in 84.61% (33/39) of wild rats. Histopathological changes in cardiac musculature were observed in 34.61% (9/26) of positive animals, and amastigote nests were marked by immunohistochemistry in tissue of one specimen of H. megacephalus. H. capsulatum DNA was detected in 9.5% (12/126) of small wild mammals and rats showed a higher frequency of positive animals 25.6% (10/39) when compared to marsupials 2.3% (2/87). The frequency of positive comestic animals was 2.2% (3/139), being 1.6% (2/121) for dogs and 5.5% (1/18) for cats. Mycoplasma spp. DNA was detected in 18.7% (6/28) of rats, in 13% (9/69) of marsupials, 28.4% (37/130) of dogs, and 28.6% (6/21) of cats examined. M. haemomuris infections in rats of the species H. megacephalus, Neacomys sp. nov. and P. cuvieri and Mycoplasma sp. in M. murina and Marmosops cf. pinheiroi are reported for the first time in Brazil. It was concluded that T. cruzi infection can cause cardiac lesions in wild rats of the species P. cuvieri, H. megacephalus, Neacomys sp. nov. and O. paricola. Rats, marsupials, dogs and cats can be infected by H. capsulatum and different species of hemotropic mycoplasmas in the Amazon biome.
|
|
|
-
MARILIA ANTONIA OLIVEIRA DA TRINDADE
-
Analysis of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geo-helminths in the municipality of Primavera / Pará
-
Data: 11/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Among the parasitic infections of great importance in global public health, schistosomiasis mansoni and geohelminthiasis, prevalent in underdeveloped and developing countries, stand out. In Brazil they mainly affect the poorest communities without access to drinking water and adequate basic sanitation. The use of geoprocessing offers the spatial analysis of cases, allowing epidemiologists to identify areas of coverage, facilitating the taking of appropriate intervention measures through a more accurate situational diagnosis. The present study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and the profile of schistosomiasis and geohelminths in the municipality of Primavera / Pará. The data were obtained from the DECIT 40/2012 project. The country, state and municipality limits of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were obtained. In the data analysis, the map of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthes and the Kernel density estimate (KDE) were used. The predominant profile of the studied population was female (50.98%) and adult (33.82%). However, in those infected, the majority was male (57.84%). The presence of infection by S. mansoni (10.78%), A. lumbricoides (4.90%), T. trichiura (2.21%) and hookworms (41.91%) were identified. The presence of coinfection was observed in 12.5%, with the largest coinfection between S. mansoni and hookworms (8.33%). KDE identified clusters of high intensity in the locations of Pedrinhas and Canaã. The use of geoprocessing enabled the mapping and identification of areas at risk of contamination from schistosomiasis, geohelminthesis and co-infection, thus helping to make assertive decisions in the control of these infections.
|
|
|
-
NAILDE DE PAULA SILVA
-
Epidemiological, socio-environmental and serological study of determining factors for the occurrence of bat bitten in two populations in areas of Extractive Reserve (RESEX) northeast of Pará
-
Data: 10/12/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Human rabies transmitted by bats re-emerged in the northern region of Brazil in the years 2017/2018, after 14 years with no records of the disease. This re-emergence is worrying for the populations of the Amazon region, since reports of spoliation by blood-sucking bats are common in the region, in communities that live in isolation and on the margins of forest fragments. Transmission of the virus from bats to people occurs mainly through biting. In this context, knowledge of the epidemiological aspects related to bat attacks is essential for the adoption of protective measures by vulnerable human populations and the prevention of deaths. Thus, the present study aims to: i) characterize spoliation by blood-sucking bats in humans in two municipalities in the Salgado micro-region; ii) check the seroprevalence for the rabies virus in battered individuals. Descriptive analyzes were conducted based on information from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) regarding anti-rabies care in the municipalities of São João da Ponta and Curuçá, with data from the state of Pará. A questionnaire was applied to characterize the victims. semi-structured for all 124 individuals in the study, while the titration of antibodies to the virus was performed using the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) and Enzyme Linked Immunono Sorbent Assay (ELISA) methods, in 58 individuals, residents of the municipality of Curuçá-PA. In São João da Ponta, for each individual registered with SINAN, there are 12.2 individuals who do not seek medical attention after batting by bats. These individuals were bitten more than four times during the study period (range 1-23 bites) and were unaware of the risk of contracting rabies from bites (95.4%). A new profile of the attacked was described, highlighting men, crab scavengers or fishermen, in adulthood, as the most vulnerable. Still, a behavior of the hematophagous bat that has not yet been described was reported by interviewees, which would be the attack of bats on humans in vessels close to the coast. The Mãe Grande de Curuçá Extractivist Reserve (RESEX) was the location most mentioned as an area conducive to aggression; therefore, serological analyzes were conducted with individuals living in the municipality of Curuçá. These individuals answered an epidemiological questionnaire in which the answers were the basis for the descriptive analysis of the study. These people were between 03 and 69 years old, the majority of whom were fishermen (60.4%) from mangrove areas, male (75.4%). Among the 100% vaccinated individuals, they had IgG against the rabies virus and 55.5% of them also had IgM. The titer of neutralizing antibodies (AcN) was ≥0.5UI / mL in 50% of the individuals in this group, 81.8% were assaulted once in their lives and 56.4% received an incomplete vaccination schedule (1-4 doses), without application of serum (37.5%). Among those not vaccinated, 35% had IgM and 90% IgG. AcN ≥0.5 IU / mL was detected in 7.5% of them, 17.5% had titers between 0.11 - 0.49 IU / mL and 75% had AcN ≤ 0.10 IU / mL. In this group, 21.5% had already been attacked more than five times in their life, and the last aggression had occurred between 2 months and 1 year (55.9%, while sleeping in huts (51.9%), during fishing activity. The fact that there are individuals with AcN titers for the rabies virus (25%) that are not vaccinated indicates a possible exposure to the virus related to the successive attacks by bats. However, in most of these cases (17.5%) these exposures did not induce a protective immune response. Unvaccinated individuals who presented protective titles need further investigation to rule out unequivocally the possibility of a vaccination that was omitted in the interview. This study proposes necessary changes in the SINAN form to assess the potential areas of bat attacks in the human population in Pará, and thus, promote prophylactic or early intervention strategies to help minimize treatment costs and to prevent the resurgence of human rabies. in the micro region of Salgado in the state of Pará, Brazil
|
|
|
-
GISELE CRISTINE CASTRO SEADE
-
Anatomopathological and Parasitic Study in Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) From a Stranding Event on the Coast of Pará, Brazil
-
Data: 27/11/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) is a small whale measuring approximately 2.7 meters that is found in tropical seas. There are no records of stranding event of this species on the Amazonian coast and this is mainly attributed to its proximity to the Amazon River mouth. Thus, stranding events are excellent opportunities for biological, ecological and sanitary studies. This work describes the first stranding of the Kogia sima whale on the Amazonian coast, in the northern region of Brazil. In the whale's stomach, erosions and ulcers, a large amount of bloody fluid and free parasitic helminths were observed in the content and fixed in the gastric mucosa. Nematodes were classified based on morphological, morphometric and molecular aspects and they are compatible with fourth-stage larvae and adults belonging to the two genera of the Anisakidae family: Anisakis and Pseudoterranova. The main histological lesion observed was characterized as eosinophilic, chronic, multifocal, accentuated gastritis associated with intralesional nematodes. The pathological findings of the case suggest that the parasitic gastritis has contributed significantly to the stranding.
|
|
|
-
ELANE DE ARAUJO DE ANDRADDE
-
Epidemiological factors associated with rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in owned animals in the urban-mangrove interface, Eastern Amazonia
-
Data: 30/09/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Rabies urban cycle presents companion animals as the main transmitters and, although cases of canine and human rabies transmitted by dogs have decreased in recent years in Brazil, the proximity of the human population to these animals makes them important sources of infection for humans. Vaccination is considered as the most effective method in the control of the disease. A coverage of 70% is recommended where rabies is endemic and its effectiveness is monitored by the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) quantification. The municipality of Curuçá is in Salgado microregion and is a neighbor of the Bragantina region, where there were cases of human rabies transmitted by hematophagous bats in 2004 and 2005. There are informal reports of bat aggression in domestic animals and dogs are the main aggressor for humans in this locality. In this sense, the monitoring of canine rabies in this municipality is essential for an effective control of the disease. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the epidemiological factors associated with the production of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in the population of owned dogs and cats in this municipality. The sample size calculation directed the search for 352 dogs, at random. Cats (n=46) were analyzed in homes that also had dogs. A questionnaire was directed to the animal's guardian and a blood sample was collected for NAbs search. Animals population size was also estimated. The animals were mostly males, aged between 1-3 years old, who had unrestricted access to the street. 48.8% of the dogs and 32% of the cats were not vaccinated in the last anti-rabies campaign and 4.7% of the dogs were already aggressed by bats. Among the analyzed samples, only 21.1% presented NAbs titers ≥0.5 IU/mL. The variables specie, veterinary care andparticipation in annual campaigns were considered as risk factors for non-participation in vaccination campaigns (OR = 0,46, 2,55, 15,67 respectively). Animal population was estimated at 18,620 dogs and 4,556 cats. The man: dog relationship was 2.1:1 and man: cat was 8.7:1. This study revealed that estimation of dogs based on human population is underestimated for communities in the Amazon region. It was possible to quantify for the first-time dogs that are attacked by bats. Health education with an emphasis on responsible ownership and periodic and semiannual rabies vaccination are recommended for the region.
|
|
|
-
CLAUDINA RITA DE SOUZA PIRES
-
Survival and development of Haemonchus contortus larvae in diferent forage species in the Eastern Amazon.
-
Data: 25/09/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The purpose of this research was to assess the development and survival of third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus in different grasses in the Eastern Amazon. Four patches were used, composed of Brachiaria humidicola, B. brizantha cv. Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Massai and P. maximum cv. Mombasa, which were divided into 13 parcels each. Sheep feces containing 10,000 eggs of H. contortus were deposited in each plot. Grass, feces and soil samples were collected on the 7th, 15th, 30th days after contamination (DPC) and then, sequentially every 30 days until the 330th DPC. Noticeable recovery of infective larvae in the grass and soil samples in all plots were observed, from the 7th to the 330th DPC. The recovery of infective larvae from the pasture was higher from the 7th to the 30th, 180th and 240th DPC and in the soil recovery was primarily attested from the 7th to the 60th, 300th and 330th DPC. The forages that demonstrate lower bioavailability of infective larvae in this study are B. brizantha cv. Marandu and P. maximum cv. Mombasa.
|
|
|
-
JOELSON SOUSA LIMA
-
Molecular, physical-chemical and microbiological methods for assessing the quality and authenticity of bovine, buffalo and goat milk
-
Data: 22/09/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The control of milk quality and authenticity is of paramount importance, mainly due to the wide consumption of this food. Therefore, the development and improvement of techniques that identify flaws and adulterations during product processing is essential. The standards for this control are generally based on bovine milk. However, the demand for milk from other sources, such as buffalo and goat, also makes it necessary to analyze methodologies that may be applicable to these other species. The incorporation of raw milk into pasteurized milk, either intentionally or due to failures during pasteurization, can promote the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, among them Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, which must be absent in some foods, given their high pathogenicity and the numerous outbreaks already reported. Another concern is the fraud for mixing milk of different species not reported on the product label, which in addition to harming the consumer can pose a risk to the health of individuals who have allergic conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate methods for the analysis of the quality and authenticity of milk of different species. For this, it was verified the sensitivity of methodologies for the detection of alkaline phosphatase and, thus, the control of pasteurization in bovine, buffalo and goat milk. The fraud detection capacity was evaluated by adding small percentages of bovine milk incorporated into the buffalo through a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Microbial growth kinetics in milk submitted to different processing and storage conditions were verified. In addition, a PCR was standardized for simultaneous detection of bovine, buffalo, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes and application to experimentally contaminated and fraudulent samples. Among the tests used to detect the residual activity of alkaline phosphatase, the methodology proposed by the Brazilian legislation was the most effective to identify the presence of small portions of raw milk in the samples, whereas the other methods were less sensitive and improvement is still necessary. for use in milks of other species. The Polymerase chain reaction can be used to investigate fraud by mixing milks of different species, as well as to identify L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., Reducing the time and cost of analysis. Milk is a nutrient-rich food that favors the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in different storage conditions and, therefore, ensuring the safety of this food is of fundamental importance
|
|
|
-
NAYRA FERNANDA DE QUEIROZ RAMOS FREITAS
-
Evaluation of the efficiency of Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization
-
Data: 31/08/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Clostridium perfringens has been rated as the main gastrointestinal pathogen in foals up to age 10 days old, although enterocolitis is more common in neonates, young and adult animals may also be affected. The clinical picture which manifests itself in a form of colic, bloody diarrhoea and progresses rapidly towards a circulatory shock, is caused by the action of β toxin (CPB) of C. perfringens type C. This bacterial agent is also associated with severe myonecrosis, usually fatal, due to the involvement of α toxin (CPA) of C. perfringens type A. For equinoculture, the importance of these diseases is due to the high mortality and the absence of commercial vaccines, which ensure immunization, the main form to prevent. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to be pioneer in using and to analyse the longevity of humoral immune response in the period of one year, in horses immunized with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400µg) of recombinant toxoids CPA and CPB of C. perfringens types A and C, respectively, as well as compare to results acquired from inoculated animals with commercial toxoid. Fifty horses were used, Mangalarga Marchador breed, of both sexes, from the age of one year and up, no vaccine history against clostridiosis. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of ten horses: Recombinant Vaccine Group 100µg (G1), Recombinant Vaccine Group 200µg (G2), Recombinant Vaccine Group 400µg (G3), Commercial Vaccine Group (G4) and Negative Control Group (G5). G1, G2 and G3 horses have been vaccinated with the recombinant vaccine containing different concentrations of recombinant toxoids CPA and CPB 100, 200 and 400µg, respectively, G4 with commercial vaccine and G5 received sterile saline (NaCl 0.9%). All animals received two doses of 2ml, intramuscularly, in the neck, on days zero and 28 after the first dose. Blood serum samples were collected on days zero, 28, 56, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 after the first vaccination. The serum obtained after centrifugation was submitted to the serum neutralization technique in mice. The potency test held on day 56 has demonstrated that the formulations of 200 and 400µg were able to induce an immune response in all inoculated horses, according to levels required by legislation, as well as, when assessing the longevity (efficiency test) of the immune response, the same concentrations presented levels of detectable antibodies until day 180, without significant differences between the results obtained. The recombinant vaccine in above concentrations 200 µg was able to stimulate a satisfactory humoral immune response in horses.
|
|
|
-
ANDREIA FERREIRA DA SILVA
-
Aspectos epidemiológicos da leptospirose humana na América do Sul e no Pará
-
Data: 31/08/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Leptospirosis is a disease that affects people in socioeconomic vulnerability and animals around the world, causing a public health problem. Thus, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review of 10 years on the situations that contribute to the neglect in the occurrence of leptospirosis in the countries of South America, to characterize epidemiologically the occurrence of leptospirosis in people living in the state of Pará (period from 2007 to 2017 ), as well as to identify the incidence of the disease in the Regional Health Centers (CRS), and to analyze the medical care and clinical evolution profile of patients who evolved to cure or die from leptospirosis in the state of Pará in the same period. In the systematic review, 682 studies were found, of which 88 articles were included. The countries that presented the most studies were Brazil 45.45%, followed by Colombia 21.59% and Peru 11.36%, to the detriment of Bolivia and Suriname, which did not present results. The frequencies of epidemiological variables referring to leptospirosis were also investigated in the 13 Regional Health Centers, where the average incidence ranged from 0 to 30.69 cases / 100,000 inhabitants, whose highest frequency occurred in the months from January to July (71.95% ), in men (76.65%), aged 20 to 39 years (40.03%), education up to elementary school (39.58%). The occupational activity of students (18.8%), contact / cleaning of the place with signs of rodents (63.61%) and home infection environment (46.70%) in urban areas (88.17%) were the most frequently asked questions. Additionally, we used the Bayesian technique to assess cases of human leptospirosis in patients who had a cure or progressed to death in the state of Pará (period 2007 to 2017). We found that in cases where there was a cure, it was more likely to use clinical laboratory criteria (80.91%), to the detriment of those who died and had a clinical diagnosis (51.72%). Despite the greater probability of having been less than 14 days in the stages of medical assistance, the cases in which there was an evolution to death were more likely to have more complex symptoms such as respiratory failure (57.12%) and renal failure (49.85%). In both cases, the most likely area of infection was the urban one, in the domestic environment, with contact with rodents, and contact with water or mud being more likely. We conclude that exposure to environmental water, floods and soils contaminated with the bacteria, as well as exposure to occupational activities and in an environment with poor sanitation, favor human infection in South America. In the state of Pará, leptospirosis is related to the deficiency of basic sanitation, the need for training of health professionals in the suspicion of cases and laboratory confirmation. Additionally, it is necessary to reduce the time interval in health care assistance and to implement the clinical diagnosis complemented by the laboratory, for greater efficiency in the therapeutic treatment and reduction of deaths. Finally, we suggest the adoption of public policies in order to avoid incomplete registration of information in the Brazilian leptospirosis notification system and effective public policies against the disease.
|
|
|
-
MARCIO ALAN OLIVEIRA MOURA
-
Vertebral alterations in Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, of the Amazon coast, Brazil
-
Data: 15/07/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The present study aims to describe bone alterations in the vertebral column of 169 Sotalia guianensis from the osteological collection of aquatic mammals deposited from January 2005 to December 2017 in the Mammal Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). The animals were collected from the coast of Pará State, in the municipalities of Soure, Salvaterra, Maracanã, Marapanim, Curuçá and Bragança. The animals were classified as immature and mature. The age range was estimated by the vertebrae analysis, considering that the immature ones had at least one non-consolidated symphysis. The macroscopic alterations were classified into malformation (congenital), degenerative (senile), inflammatory/infectious, and hyperostosis (bone remodeling): Congenital alterations were observed in 47 (27.8%), including 24 mature and 23 immature animals. Degenerative alterations were observed in 7.7% (13/169) of the animals, all of them in the mature category. Inflammatory or lithic lesions were present in 6.5% (11/169) of the S. guianensis, affecting 7 mature and 6 immature animals. Alterations of bone remodeling were observed in 4.1% (7/169), involving 5 mature and 2 immature animals. Two of these cases were compatible with injury of traumatic origin. The other alterations from this group were classified as idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the health threats of the Guiana dolphin of the Northern region of Brazil, particularly concerning to vertebral injuries.
|
|
|
-
MARIA DE NAZARE DA SILVA NASCIMENTO
-
Comparison of ketamine-meperidine-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-meperidine-xylazine associations in the responses of physiological parameters, anesthetic periods and anesthetic recovery of capuchin monkeys of the genus Sapajus Kerr, 1792 (Primates: Cebidae)
-
Data: 15/06/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
This study comparatively evaluates the effects of two anesthetic protocols in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.), on the physiological variables, quality of anesthesia and anesthetic recovery. Sixteen specimens of capuchin monkeys participated in the study, which were randomly divided into two experimental groups: SX (10 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride + 3 mg/kg meperidine + 0.5 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride) and SD (10 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride + 3 mg/kg of meperidine + 0.005 mg/kg of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride). Physiological parameters were measured for 45 minutes in the trans-anesthetic: heart (HR) and respiratory rates (RR), internal body temperature (BT), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral venous oxygen saturation (Svo2) and blood glucose. For the referred parameters, it was not possible to observe a significant change between the SX and SD groups, p>0.05. However, there was a considerable difference between the anesthetic moments of the SX group for the variable (HR) and of the SD group for the variables (HR, RR, BT, SBP and DBP), with regression in the mean values during the measurements. The parameters glycemia and Svo2 did not show significant physiological changes within or between groups. For the monitored primates, the SX group had a longer latency period (LP) and SD a longer period of anesthetic recovery (AR). They were monitored on anesthetic return until the start of normal ambulation, with no significant difference (p>0.05) between groups for the proposed recovery scores. For the two specimens anesthetized with the SD protocol, it was not possible to perform monitoring due to the absence of adequate muscle relaxation, sialorrhea and opisthotonos. The depth of the anesthetic plan was satisfactory for the execution of safe, short-term and non-invasive procedures, in fourteen individuals of the genus Sapajus sp., for groups SX and SD.
|
|
|
-
THAINAR LOPES LOBO
-
Evaluation of the susceptibility to insecticides of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) populations in Belém, state of Pará, Brasil
-
Data: 31/03/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
In Brazil, Aedes aegypti mosquito is the common vector responsible for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika virus transmission. To prevent virus transmission, the main strategy adopted is vector control through the use of insecticides. Pyriproxyphen and pyrethroids are the most widely used insecticides. However, the continuous and widespread use of these chemical compounds can induce the occurrence of resistant mosquito populations. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether the populations ofAedes aegypti in the area of the Park Zoobotanical Mangal das Garças and Park States of Utinga Camilo Vianna, two areas in the municipality of Belém, Pará, are susceptible to the larvicide pyriproxyphen and adulticide permethrin. The collections were performed using ovitraps, and the bioassays were performed according to the WHO recommendations with pyriproxyphen in L3larvae from the F1 generation submitted to 0.05 ppm and 0.5 ppm concentrations. The dose-response bioassay for permethrin was provided according to CDC and WHO guidelines, using adult F1 generation mosquitoes exposed to permethrin at a concentration of 15µL/mL. Mosquitoes captured at Park States of Utinga Camilo Vianna had the highest Ovitrampas Positivity Index (OPI) 91.67% (11/12) compared to mosquitoes at Park Zoobotanical Mangal das Garças, which imposed an OPI of 19.05% / (21 / 4) and the mosquitoes captured in the Park Zoobotanical Mangal das Garças obtained the highest Egg Density Index 75.25 (301/4) compared to the Park States Utinga Camilo Vianna 20.82 (229/11). Both mosquito populations tested were susceptible to permethrin. However, in relation to pyriproxyphen, both are resistant to the indicated dose. We conclude that the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti from the studied areas are susceptible to pyrethroid permethrin and resistant to pyriproxyphen.
|
|
|
-
ALLANA LAIS ALVES LIMA
-
Evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of iron Libidibia férrea extracts and fractions against biofilm-forming microorganismis in hospital equipament
-
Data: 25/03/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials and failures in the hygiene and cleaning of surfaces and equipment in hospitals, favor the adherence of residues and proliferation of microorganisms, in addition to the appearance of multi-resistant strains. Biofilm is one of the adapted, organized and adapted forms that microorganisms use to guarantee their proliferation and protection of the external environment. This form of microbial community has been studied because it is a possible source of infection for immunosuppressed patients who perform procedures in hospitals. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines as an alternative to eliminate these microorganisms has become more common. A Libidibia ferrea plant has its potential already reported with antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. Thus, the present study aimed to assess whether extracts and fractions of Libidibia ferrea have antimicrobial activity against microorganisms present in biofilms formed in hospital equipment. To obtain the leaves and bark of Libidibia ferrea collected and taken from the UFPA Microbiology Laboratory - Campus Castanhal, where they were washed, sanitized and then placed in an alcoholic solution for seven days, filtered and the retiree via a rotary evaporator. phytochemical prospecting and fractionation of increasing polarity was carried out. Samples were collected by scraping equipment used in the HOVET-UFPA operating room and then the microorganisms were isolated. For the antimicrobial profile, the bacterial suspensions were standardized to 0.5 on the Mcfarland scale, the extracts and fractions were diluted from 100 to 0.39 µg / mL and then the tests were performed by means of diffusion in microplates. The study was carried out in duplicate and 2% chlorhexidine was used as a positive control. Spectrophotometer reading was performed at 0hr and 24hr. The results of the phytochemical profile showed the metabolic classes of saponins, steroids, terpenes, purines, reducing sugars, anthraquinones and catechite tannins. The following samples were collected from HOVET: Enterobacter sp. Enterbacter agglomerans Staphyococcus aureus Cronobacter sp. Salmonella sp. Serratia marcens bio. Shigella sp. Enterobacter aerogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Yersinia enterocolítica. In the antimicrobial sensitivity profile, significant responses were observed in inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms mainly by the crude extract of the peel in all concentrations, followed by dichloromethane of the leaf, methyl alcohol fraction of the peel and leaf, ethyl acetate peel fraction and hexane fraction respectively. , with effective MICs ranging from 0.39µg / ml to 100µg / ml. According to the results obtained Libidibia ferrea can be a basic alternative for the development of an efficient product in the asepsis of hospital equipment, since it presented similar and sometimes superior antimicrobial activity, when compared to the degermante used as control.
|
|
|
-
ALAN REIS DOS PRAZERES
-
Evaluation of diferente DNA extraction protocols, in a non-lethal Apis Melífera ligustica, Melipona Rufiventris e Melipona Fasciculata (Smith, 1858)
-
Data: 16/03/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Bees are known for their importance in the pollination process and for the synthesis of the various bee products. However, studies with Amazon bees are scarce, mainly regarding their genetic characteristics. In this context, the study of non-lethal DNA extraction methods and especially the use of molecular biology techniques for the identification of species producing beekeeping and meliponiculture derivatives are of paramount importance. Thus, the present work aims to propose a method of non-lethal DNA extraction from bees and a PCR to identify the species Apis Melifera ligustica, Melipona Rufiventris and Melipona Fasciculata (Smith 1858). To this end, the present study used dead bees and tested three extraction methods. For PCR standardization, two primers were designed to identify Apis meliferous species and the genus Meliponas bees. The results showed that the three extraction protocols used resulted in low purity DNAs and high concentrations and that the proposed PCR was efficient for detecting the different types of bees. Moreover, from the amplifications, it was observed that the best methods for obtaining genetic material from bees were commercial kits. In this way commercial kits provided better quality DNA for bee extraction, making it possible to use dead bees. The primers developed in this study were efficient for identification of the studied species, and could also be used for authentication of products produced by the amplified species
|
|
|
-
ANDREA VIANA DA CRUZ
-
Analysis of the sociodemographic profile and consumer perception of food security in two municipalities in the Marajó Archipelago, state of Pará
-
Data: 28/02/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of consumers of dairy products of buffalo and bovine origin in the municipalities of Soure and Salvaterra (Ilha do Marajó-PA), regarding the sociodemographic profile, the level of knowledge about hygienic-sanitary quality and fraud in these products. For data collection, questionnaires were applied to volunteers, all chosen at random. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and subsequently submitted to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The data collection resulted in a total of 403 interviews. Our results showed that for consumption of products of buffalo origin the interviewees were mostly male, over 40 years old, who consume mainly from rural producers those who consume bovine products were women aged 21 to 30, who consume in commercial establishments such as supermarkets and bakeries. The main sources of animal protein in the region of the Marajó archipelago are mainly from buffalo farming, which reveals the region's cultural factor.
|
|
|
-
IROLEIDE SANTANA DE JESUS
-
Phytochemical prospecting and in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of the medicinal plant Libidibia ferrea on microorganisms
-
Data: 28/02/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
The goal of the research was to realize phytochemical prospecting and to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of crude extracts and fractions of the leaf and bark Libidibia ferrea about microorganisms isolated from otitis and canine pyoderma. Therefore, leaves and back of the specie were macerated in hydroalcoholic solution at 70% in a proportion of 10g plant for each 100mL of the solution for 7 days and concentraded in Rotaevaporator to remove the solvent at pressure of 54mbar and temperature of 39ºC. The crude extracts obtained were subjected to phytochemical prospecting and sequential fractionation by liquid/lquid partition with solvents of increasing polarity Hexane, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate and Methanol. The microorganisms used for the determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) were: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter aglomerans and Shigella sonnei. The results of the phytochemical analysis identified Saponins, Steroids, Terpenes, Purines, Reducing sugars, Anthraquinones and Fhenols and Tannins. The results of the antimicrobial activity, demonstrated antibacterial activity on Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms. Therefore, the use of leaves and bark of the plant species can be a promising source in the development of new drugs with antibacterial properties.
|
|
|
-
JOSYANE BRASIL DA SILVA
-
Evaluation of the quality and authenticity of commercial samples of honeys from the northeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil and molecular detection of Salmonella spp. in honey from experimental contamination
-
Data: 27/02/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Honey is a highly appreciated product, due to its nutritional and therapeutic properties, as it is a product that is easily accessible and obtained in a natural way. Due to production and market characteristics, this product may be subject to physical and microbiological contamination, in addition to being exposed to different fraudulent actions. The present work aimed to evaluate the quality of furniture commercialized in the Northeast region of the state of Pará, as well as to standardize a Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect Salmonella spp. in honey. For this, 14 honey samples were analyzed, seven produced by Apis melífera ligustica and seven Melipona fasciculata, from the municipalities of Bragança, Capanema, Nova Timboteua, São João de Pirabas, Salinópolis and Tracuateua. The samples were evaluated for authenticity, the samples were subjected to reactions by Fiehe, Lund and Lugol, according to the methodology of the Adolf Lutz Institute, in addition to pollen analysis. The samples were also submitted to microbiological analysis for the counting of molds and yeasts (CFU / g), coliforms at 35 ° C (NMP / g) and physical contamination at macro and microscopic level, to detect dirt. To detect Salmonella spp, a proposed Polymerase Chain Reaction was standardized, starting from an experimental contamination of a honey sample with Salmonella Tiphymurium strain (ATCC 14028) and culture samples were collected at different hours from zero hours of culture until 48 hours later, samples of this culture were collected for DNA extraction and counting. Then, the samples were subjected to PCR, using a pair of primers that amplify a 429 bp fragment. The results obtained with the application of qualitative tests of authenticity, demonstrated that only 21.42% (3/14) of the samples were considered authentic honey. However, through pollen analysis, it was possible to observe adulterated samples among those considered authentic and this perceptual was reduced to 14.28% (2/14), since it was possible to observe that a sample had a protein mixture. The results obtained showed the presence of microorganisms from the group of coliforms and molds and yeasts in disagreement with the current legislation, in 63.63% and 81.81% of the samples, respectively. Through experimental contamination of honey, it was possible to observe the amplification of Salmonella spp. from the sixth hour of experiment. The analyzed samples of samples were found adulterated through the results of qualitative tests and pollen analysis, as well as showing contamination by microorganism indicators even within the limit established by current legislation, showing flaws in the hygienic process of harvesting, processing and marketing that honey. As for the proposed PCR, it was possible to conclude that the standardized method may be a viable alternative for the detection of Salmonella spp. in honey.
|
|
|
-
KELLY KAROLINE GOMES DO NASCIMENTO
-
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA RAIVA CANINA NO ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL, ENTRE 1994 E 2014
-
Data: 20/02/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
A raiva é uma doença neurológica viral zoonótica, que acomete todos mamíferos e caracteriza-se por um quadro clínico de encefalite aguda progressiva, que ocasiona a morte em quase a totalidade dos casos. Apesar de o ciclo urbano estar aparentemente controlado, não se descarta a possibilidade de o cão atuar como transmissor secundário da variante do morcego. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma distribuição espaço-temporal dos casos de raiva canina ocorrido entre os anos de 1994 a 2014. A partir dos dados a respeito dos casos de raiva canina por ano em cada município do estado do Pará procedeu-se com a análise descritiva dos dados. As análises espacial e temporal levaram em consideração a incidência por ano e a compreensão da distribuição do agravo se deu pelo método de interpolação. No período analisado foram analisadas 10.057 amostras de sistema nervoso central de cães, sendo que 3,3% (333/10.058) foram positivas para raiva. Verificou-se ainda uma redução de casos positivos no final do período estudado (2012, 2013 e 2014). Contudo, essa redução acompanha uma queda nos envios de amostras nestes mesmos anos. Dentre os 46 municípios com casos de raiva canina no período descrito, Marabá foi o mais recorrente com um total de 92 casos, foi também o município com maior número de amostras enviadas para análise (n=3.268). Outros munícipios com número elevado de material enviado para análise foram Belém (n=2.792) e Castanhal (n=694), embora casos de raiva canina tenham sido raros. A diminuição no envio de amostras e o número de municípios que não enviaram material biológico para diagnóstico laboratorial, sugerem subnotificação da doença, ocasionando possíveis falhas nas ações de controle e prevenção. Sendo assim, deve-se assegurar a coleta e o envio de material biológico para diagnóstico laboratorial de todos os animais suspeitos, a fim de se conhecer a real situação da raiva canina no estado possibilitando a implementação de ações fundamentais para o controle efetivo da doença.
|
|
|
-
DENIS YUKIO OTAKA
-
Evaluation of the efficiency of recombinant toxoid against botulism in buffalo.
-
Data: 22/01/2020
-
Mostrar Resumo
-
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rearing in Brazil is increasingly consolidating itself as an important alternative economic source to cattle raising due to its characteristics of rusticity and adaptability. The state of Pará stands out for concentrating the largest Brazilian buffalo herd with an approximate herd of 519 thousand animals. Botulism in cattle is a disease of great economic and sanitary importance, being one of the main causes of mortality of adult animals in Brazil. Vaccination with Clostridium botulinum toxoids C and D is the most effective way to control this disease, however, despite their efficiency, commercial botulinum toxoids have limitations in their industrial production: i-C. botulinum produces low levels. botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in vitro; (ii) large-scale production is laborious, costly and its productivity hardly predictable; iii- Industrial production requires the adoption of very demanding biosafety standards. From this perspective, vaccines using recombinant proteins have shown promising results as an alternative tool in animal immunization. Given the importance of the disease and the difficulties in commercial vaccine production, this project aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a recombinant toxoid against botulism in buffaloes by establishing the neutralizing antibody curve. Thirty-five adult buffaloes with no history of botulism vaccination and detectable levels of BoNTs C and D antibodies were randomly grouped into five groups of seven animals: Recombinant Vaccine Group 100µg (G1), Recombinant Vaccine Group 200µg (G2), Recombinant Vaccine Group 400µg (G3), Commercial Vaccine Group (G4) and Negative Control Group (G5). G1, G2 and G3 buffaloes were vaccinated with the recombinant vaccine containing different concentrations of the 100µg, 200µg and 400µg recombinant protein, respectively, G4 with commercial vaccine and G5 received sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). All animals received two doses, in a volume per dose of 5 ml, subcutaneously, on the neck table, on days zero and 28 after the first dose. Blood samples were collected on days 56, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 279, 300, 330 and 365. The samples were centrifuged and serum were submitted to seroneutralization technique in mice. In the potency test at 56 days after vaccination, the recombinant formulation with concentration 400µg was the one that was able to induce humoral immune response with the highest titers. In the efficiency test (vaccine longevity) the 200µg formulation from the cost / benefit point of view was the most efficient for large scale production and therefore the formulation to be chosen.
|
|