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SAÚL EDGARDO MARTÍNEZ CASTELLÓN
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ESTIMATIVA DO FLUXO DE METANO E DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE MANGUEZAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO CAETANO DE ODIVELAS - PA
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Data: Dec 3, 2019
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Os manguezais são considerados ecossistemas tanto ambientais e como socioeconomicamente produtivos, dado pela contribuição na mitigação das mudanças climáticas, como a captura e armazenamento do CO2 na biomassa aérea e subterrânea. As áreas de mangue são importantes contribuidores dos gases de efeito de estufa (GEE). Este estudo investiga os fluxos de Metano (FCH4) e de Dióxido de Carbono (FCO2) em floresta de mangue nas interfaces solo-atmosfera (Ilha da Macaca), e água-atmosfera (Estuário Mojuim). As medições incluíram uma escala temporal (período seco: julho a dezembro 2017 e chuvoso: janeiro a junho 2018) e espacial (topografia alta: 2,5 m e baixa: 2,0 m), e em diferentes ambientes aquáticos. Os fluxos foram medidos através do método de câmaras dinâmicas associadas a um analisador de gás infravermelho. Adicionalmente, foram registrados parâmetros: A) ambientais, como temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento, B) físicos e químicos da água, como a temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e pH; C) físicos e químicos do solo, como a temperatura, umidade, matéria orgânica, pH, carbono e nitrogênio total, relação C/N, carbono orgânico, carbono microbiano, nitrogênio microbiano. O FCH4 médio no solo variou de 0,1874 g m-2 d-1 a 0,0711 g m-2 d-1 entre época seca e chuvosa respectivamente. O FCO2 médios no solo variou de 6,3607, a 7,0542g m-2 d-1 entre época chuvosa e seca respectivamente. Os FCH4 variaram de 0,2360 g m-2 d-1 a 0,0271 g m-2 d-1 para a topografia baixa e alta, respectivamente. Os FCO2 variaram de 5,4383 a 7,079 g m-2 d-1 para topografia baixa e alta, respectivamente. Com isto os fluxos foram maiores para CO2 na época seca e FCH4 foram menores na estação chuvosa. Os fluxos de FCH4 no ecossistema aquático variaram entre época seca e chuvosa de 0,039 a 0,050 g m-2 d-1 respectivamente. O FCO2 entre época seca e chuvosa variou de 10,474g m-2 d-1 a 28,985, g m-2 d-1, respectivamente. Os FCO2 mostraram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre a época seca e chuvosa, podendo estar influenciado pela entrada de água salubre na maré enchente e a entrada de água doce do rio Mojuim na vazante. Neste estudo foi observado que os maiores fluxos de FCH4 e FCO2 ocorrem na época chuvosa, e variação mínima do FCO2 no solo.
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SAURI MOREIRA MACHADO
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EVOLUÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DO SAMBAQUI PORTO DA MINA (QUATIPURU, PARÁ/AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL): INTEGRAÇÃO DE DADOS AMBIENTAIS NOS ÚLTIMOS SEIS MIL ANOS
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Data: Nov 14, 2019
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O Sambaqui Porto da Mina é um sítio arqueológico localizado em Quatipuru, no estado do Pará, que mostra registros de ocupação contínua e abundante material zoológico que remontam a aproximadamente 5.280 anos AP. Este trabalho teve como objetivo reconstituir o paleambiente existente durante o estabelecimento desse sambaqui. Para isso, foram elaborados perfis bio-antracológicos, com coleta de amostras de sedimentos e material zoológico. A pesquisa teve caráter multidisciplinar, incluindo análises geológicas, químicas (difração e fluorescência de raios-X), biológicas e isotópicas (δ13C, δ15N e δ18O). Foram realizados, ainda, modelagem de simulação ecológica, climática e de uso da terra. Os resultados mostraram que o sítio arqueológico consiste em granulometrias de silte e argila contendo predomínio de quartzo, hematita, caulinita e calcita. Esses constituintes corroboraram a presença de sambaqui na área de estudo, o que também ficou evidenciado pela presença de fósseis de invertebrados de composição carbonática, tais como ostras, berbigões, mexilhões e caranguejos. Além disso, registrou-se variações de temperatura em cerca de 10ºC, que apesar de elevada, não foi uma mudança climática brusca para o Holoceno. A análise da evolução das modificações do uso e cobertura da terra sugere que independente do crescente e contínuo o uso da terra, a taxa de desmatamento é considerada relativamente baixa para a área do sambaqui Porto da Mina. Portanto, afirma-se que o desflorestamento antrópico da região de entorno do sítio não desempenhou papel significativo nas alterações climáticas ocorridas durante a atividade do sítio.
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THIAGO BANDEIRA CASTELO
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AVALIAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA MUNICÍPIOS VERDES NA PERSPECTIVA DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E DO IMPACTO SOBRE O CONTROLE DO DESMATAMENTO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
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Data: Oct 24, 2019
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The State of Pará is the second largest state in the Legal Amazon, with vast biodiversity and large areas of natural forest. These conditions have attracted, over the years, actors interested in exploiting their natural wealth through the opening of areas over the forests with disorderly logging for livestock and agricultural crops, as well as the execution of energy ventures. Thus, as exponentially increasing deforestation rates in the 2000s, government actions prevailed through programs and political projects to combat deforestation. Within the context of the policies, the Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV), which since 2011 has sought to support the environmental management of the municipalities of Pará through punitive and educational measures to farmers, in addition to setting goals for controlling deforestation in the territories covered by the program. Two extremes exist for the municipalities participating in the program. On the one hand, there are the “Embargados” municipalities with high deforestation rates and, consequently, restrictions on trade and agricultural production. On the other hand, there are controlled or monitored “verdes” municipalities that meet PMV goals. Considering deforestation as a phenomenon of strong impact on the environment, the research sought to understand and estimate the impact of the program on deforestation control in green municipalities, thus defining the effectiveness of the policy in achieving its objectives. Understanding if, in fact, the municipalities listed as “verdes” control deforestation in their areas is fundamental for the improvement of the actions of the State of Pará government. Control of deforestation involves adequate environmental management and recovery of forest areas. Thus, we tested empirically through robust assessment techniques and methods, the contribution of environmental management and the impact of PMV on the recovery of forest areas, estimated by the forest preservation index. The research was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) in the promotion of the research grant by the programa de Demanda Social - DS and the Centro Regional da Amazônia (CRA) linked to the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) in assignment of physical structure and technical support in the processing of forest monitoring data.
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PRISCILA CASTRO DE BARROS
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PRODUTIVIDADE PRIMÁRIA LÍQUIDA DE SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS COM PALMA DE ÓLEO NO NORDESTE PARAENSE UTILIZANDO DADOS BIOMÉTRICOS E FERRAMENTAS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO.
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Data: Sep 30, 2019
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Oil palm is one of the leading global commodities today. In Brazil, the state of Pará is the largest producer of this raw material, planted essentially in the form of monocultures and with the use of many agricultural inputs. Since 2008, a new production model of organic agroforestry systems (SAFs) associated with Elaeis guineensis Jacq oil palm has been monitored. in experimental sites located in northeastern Pará. To assess the potential of these SAFs it is necessary to understand some parameters and fundamental elements of their operation such as site characteristics, net primary productivity (PPL), canopy properties and interactions with electromagnetic radiation. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the temporal dynamics of above-ground PPL in three SAFs with less biodiverse (SAF-A) and more biodiverse (SAF-B) systems, with oil palm in Tomé-Açu. The specific objectives were: i) to evaluate the floristic and structural dynamics; ii) measure the contribution of above ground PPL and iii) evaluate the behavior of the Leaf Area Index (IAF) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2). Floristic inventories were conducted in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to assess diameter at breast height (DBH in cm), total height (Ht in m), phytosociological parameters, vertical and horizontal structures, value of importance index (IVI), Shannon index (H ') and mortality. Litterfall (fine and coarse litterfall fractions) was collected monthly from September 2016 to August 2018. Woody biomass stocks were calculated using specific and general allometric equations. The dry weight values of woody biomass and litterfall were converted to carbon by the correction factor 0.5. Above-ground PPL was calculated as the carbon increment plus the carbon of the annual fine litterfall in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 periods. The IAF, canopy aperture (AD%) and total radiation (RAD%) were estimated by the hemispheric photography method in January, April, July and October 2018. Vegetation indices were generated using the multi-spectral sensor. Sentinel-2 instrument (MSI) on the Google Earth Engine platform from January 2016 to December 2018. The largest botanical families found were Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae and Malvaceae. The highest IVIs were found for E. guineensis, Gliricidia sepium Jacq. and Theobroma cacao Linn. In 2018, the highest DBHs were observed for E. guineensis (from 74.29 ± 1.60 cm to 93.70 ± 0.73 cm) and the highest Ht for Sclerolobium paniculatum at the SAF-2B site (17.83 ± 1 .00 m). Mortality was higher in less biodiverse sites, reaching 9.18% in the 2017-2018 period. The largest diameter increases occurred between 2016-2017 for woody tree species and some legumes. In the following period (2017-2018), there was a marked reduction in the increment for most species at all sites, especially for E. guineensis, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. and T. cacao, the latter with a reduction of up to 98.85% over the previous period. In the 2016-2017 period the PPL ranged from 3.69 ± 0.50 to 13.42 ± 1.34 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in the fertilizer systems and from 7.75 ± 0.82 to 11.09 ± 0. .30 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in biodiversity systems. In the 2017-2018 period, the PPL ranged from 4.59 ± 0.33 to 10.35 ± 1.89 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in fertilizers and from 7.87 ± 1.68 to 10.15 ± 1.48 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in the biodiversity sites. Although reductions in annual carbon stocks and increments were observed, no significant differences were found in PPL between periods at the same sites. The canopy of all sites is formed mainly by species of the middle and upper strata. In 2018, during the dry season, the largest IAF were recorded. The LAI ranged from 1.61 ± 0.19 m2.m-2 to 3.42 ± 0.21 m2.m-2 in the most biodiverse SAFs. Higher AD (%) and RAD (%) were observed in fertilizer systems. Higher annual IVs were found in biodiversity systems (NDVI = 0.51 to 0.59; NDWI = 0.25 to 0.32; EVI2 = 0.332 to 0.43). Hemispheric photographs are efficient for estimating IAF, AD, and RAD in oil palm SAFs. The combined use of hemispheric photo technologies to generate IAF and MSI sensor to generate IVs was uncorrelated, reinforcing the need to increase site sampling to capture more canopy and reflectance information through sensors. remote. This research showed that some sites were influenced by the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO) weather event, which took place between 2015 and 2016. However, productivity rates in the two evaluated periods, especially of the most biodiverse systems, are according to other results found in some primary and secondary forests over 20 years of age in the Amazon. This indicates that the organic palm oil SAF model in northeastern Pará has the ability to withstand disturbances, recover and collaborate satisfactorily in mitigating the harmful effects of climate change.
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JAQUELINE PORTAL DA SILVA
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DINÂMICAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS ASSOCIADAS ÀS OCORRÊNCIAS DE FEBRE CHIKUNGUNYA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM DO PARÁ
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Data: Sep 9, 2019
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Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arbovirus caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Its transmission occurs through the bite of female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with CHIKV. The signs and symptoms of CHIKF are similar to those of dengue, however the main clinical manifestation that differs from it is the involvement of joints such as the joints of the wrists, ankles and elbows causing severe pain inflammation accompanied by swelling, redness and local heat. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of income, population density, sanitation and climate variables on CHIKF occurrences. The study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, with application area in the municipality of Belém (PA). The variables were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, from which the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum and maximum were determined. The normalities of the variables were tested to define by using parametric or nonparametric correlation tests. Linear regression analysis was performed for variables with statistical significance. Spatial analysis identified the expansion of the disease in the municipality over the period analyzed. As well as outbreaks of high concentration and maintenance of the disease were identified in certain neighborhoods. For socioeconomic variables, Pearson's correlation identified an association between CHIKF and the demographic density variable in 2017, which resulted in a weak but significant linear regression. Significant correlations were identified for indicators of quantity and regularity of water supply, solid waste collection and level of access to sanitation services. While the temperature and precipitation variables in 2016, presented respectively positive and weak association and negative and weak association in relation to CHIKF. The results of this research showed that the urban area of the municipality of Belém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, has significant natural and anthropic elements for the insertion of active transmission foci of Chikungunya fever.
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NAILA MARTINS DA COSTA
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An edaphic macrofauna is the term used to denote a community of invertebrates> 2mm and length> 10mm that live permanently or pass part of life, or a non-soil developmental cycle. These bodies play an important role in nutrient conditioning processes and soil structure. Its activities are based on the excavation, ingestion and transport of mineral and organic material in soil, leading to the creation of closed galleries, nests, chambers and batteries, as an influence on aggregation, hydraulic locations, organic matter dynamics and composition, abundance and the diversity of other soil organisms. Faced with the expansion of palm culture in the Amazon, conducting a study of the macrofauna community to understand how the culture impacts these organisms. We chose as an area of study an agroforestry system of organic management, not municipality of Butcher (PA), which associates the cultivation of palm with industries of fruit and timber species in the context of family farming. For a better understanding of invertebrate information systems, a survey of conventional monoculture palm plants and a 20-year-old capoeira. In each system we removed 9 25x25 soil monoliths at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20, and collected soil samples for analysis of physical and chemical attributes, in addition to the local litter. Invertebrates were eliminated manually and stored in 70% alcohol. Identifies a community made by 13 macrofauna taxa in the agroforestry system. Most invertebrates in the system belong to the group known as "ecosystem engineers". Preferred promotion of macrofauna by layer 0-10 cm deep. Invertebrates adjust for differences in system types and their management systems. And the structure and composition of the macrofauna community of the agroforestry system showed similarities with the community found in the natural capoeira system.
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Data: Aug 29, 2019
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Soil invertebrates, agroforestry systems, Elaeis guineenis, oil palm.
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GIORDANI RAFAEL CONCEICAO SODRE
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FOGO E QUEIMADAS: HISTÓRICO, RISCO E CALENDÁRIO METEOROLÓGICO NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
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Data: Aug 29, 2019
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The use of fire as a way of cleaning the soil is widely inserted in the productive process of the Amazon, being one of the elements that drive the agricultural expansion in the region. This research aimed to analyze the general scenario of burning in the Amazon region in order to address the complexity that surrounds this theme, as it can be treated as a social problem, but with reflections on the climate issue. We analyzed the legal parameters of the use of fire in agricultural practices and a meteorological calendar was developed indicating when the environmental conditions are most favorable for the safer use of this practice. The results indicated that the current scenario of burning in the Amazon may be related to a combination of choices, how the issue of burning could have been addressed and how it actually was. Indicating that the main tools are aimed at combating the effects of burning and not its origin. He observed that tools such as the Fire Risk Index used by INPE have its reduced accuracy, because it considers only environmental variables, not including the action of man as a parameter, which limits the efficiency in anticipating the occurrence of a burn. Analysis of the latest research has pointed to the use of controlled fire as the most viable option for changing the current scenario, so the main approach of this research was to create a safe weather management calendar for field fire use. . The conclusion of this research shows that environmental education is the most effective way to combat the excessive use of burning, but this is an investment for the future. For the current scenario the creation of a burning calendar based on local monthly rainfall variability, allowing the burning to be performed at times more favorable to its unwanted propagation. Thus, the number of uncontrolled fires can be effectively reduced and biodiversity and economic losses can be reduced. This being the way to go while environmental education does not fulfill its role in changing this culture within the Amazon region.
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GISELE DE SOUZA SARAIVA
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DINÂMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA EM ÁREAS SOB CONFLITO AGRÁRIO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ, AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
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Data: Aug 27, 2019
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A colonização e ocupação da Amazônica têm sido resultado da implantação de políticas públicas e dos interesses econômicos sobre a região. Como reflexo disso, a transformação da vegetação primária em outros usos alternativos da terra na Amazônia é algo marcante, em especial em áreas sobre forte pressão das alterações antrópicas e do desmatamento (WATRIN et al., 2015). Isto tem provocado mudanças da cobertura florestal para pastagem e agricultura (ALMEIDA et al., 2016). As mudanças de uso da terra na Amazônia também têm sido resultado de processos sociais, como por exemplo a disputa por terra, e não fruto de comportamentos isolados de agentes individuais, sejam esses agricultores familiares ou grandes fazendeiros (ARAÚJO, 2009). Nesse contexto, segundo Le Tourneau et al. (2010), a reforma agrária na Amazônia tem ocorrido sobre novas áreas (terras públicas) e não por uma política efetiva de distribuição de terras. Para esses autores, as políticas para a reforma agrária no Brasil quase não alteraram a estrutura fundiária vigente e, como alternativa, o país concebeu a Amazônia Legal como uma imensa reserva fundiária. Aliado a isso, estima-se que a reforma agrária tenha representado 30% do desmatamento na bacia amazônica entre 1964 e 1997 (ALDRICH et al., 2012; ALSTON, LIBECAP E MUELLER, 2000). Embora a legislação brasileira proíba expressamente a formação de assentamentos de reforma agrária em áreas de floresta, é nestas onde têm se estabelecido a base dessa nova estrutura fundiária (FEARNSIDE, 2001; SIMMONS et al., 2007)
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EMANUELLY MELO DE OLIVEIRA MENDES
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DINÂMICA DO EFLUXO DE CO2 NO SOLO EM DUAS ÁREAS DISTINTAS NA AMAZÔNIA
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Data: Aug 16, 2019
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Os ecossistemas terrestres são importantes para compreender as trocas de CO2 entre superfície e atmosfera. Pesquisas têm buscado compreender o potencial de sequestro e emissão de carbono em diferentes agroecossistemas. Entre eles, as pastagens naturais que apresentam significativa participação no ciclo do carbono subsídio alimentar para a produção de carne. Assim como a produção de óleo de palma responsável pela produção de 30% do óleo comestível no mundo e parte na produção de biodiesel. Neste estudo, foram avaliados dois usos de cobertura do solo (iLPF e monocultivo de palma de óleo) e o efluxo de CO2. Foi utilizado o método de câmaras dinâmicas associadas a um analisador de gás por infravermelho. Este trabalho apresenta observações mensais em monocultivo de óleo de palma e caracterização diária em dois iLPFs o primeiro com mognoafricano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) e o segundo com teca (Tectona grandis L. f.). No primeiro caso no monocultivo de óleo de palma o empilhamento de folhas foi responsável pelos maiores valores de efluxo de CO2 dentro dos anéis de medida durante os dois períodos observados (chuvoso e menos chuvoso) em comparação aos dois outros dois pontos observados (base da palma e carreador). A dinâmica do efluxo de CO2 (EFCO2) diferiu entre os três sistemas estudados. O aumento do EFCO2 durante o meio dia em relação ao meio da manhã (oito horas) em todos os pontos estudados. Na área de controle (capoeira) não houve uma grande variação observada, sendo mais estável. Os maiores valores de EFCO2 nos dois sistemas de iLPF (teca e mogno) foram encontrados na base das ávores para o sistema mogno e no pasto pisoteado para o sistema teca seguido da base das árvores.A baixa variação no efluxo de CO solo entre a manhã e o meio dia na capoeira pode indicar se assemelham a florestas naturais, com árvores criando um microclima de solo que é adequado para o crescimento de microrganismos do solo. A umidade do solo correlacionada positivamente de forma fraca na base da teca e na área de transição. No caso da temperatura do solo não foi observada correlação positiva para a área em questão, apenas de forma moderada na área controle. Nas análises não foram encontradas correlações positivas do EFCO2 com a umidade do solo em nenhum dos pontos estudados na área do mogno. Por sua vez foi encontrada uma relação fraca da Ts com área entre as árvores.As menos variações de temperatura do solo foram encontradas na capoeira seguida do iLPF mogno na área sombreda (Base mogno e entre plantas mogno). As maiores variações de Ts no período estudado (chuvoso) ocorre na área de iLPF com teca.As árvores influenciam na dinâmica de CO2 quando não estão distribuidas em área florestal. Nesse Sistema foi observado que os maiores valores de perda de CO2 ocorreu na área sombreada em ambos os sistemas com exceção da pastagem de iLPF teca até o momento antes do pastoreio animal
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BRUNO GILMAR SILVA DA SILVA
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PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL E ASPECTOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE MARAPANIM – PARÁ/BRASIL
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Data: Aug 6, 2019
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The present work addresses the theme of environmental perception and socioeconomic aspects in the Camará, Cipoteua and São João communities, belonging to the municipality of Marapanim, Pará, Brazil. The general objective of this study was to highlight the perception of men in relation to the surrounding environment, besides describing the socioeconomic profile of the communities and the influence of the seasonal period on the activities developed. As data collection instrument, it was used the application of questionnaires with objective and subjective questions to 118 residents, being Camará (n = 60), Cipoteua (n = 32) and São João (n = 26), through visits to the communities. . Descriptive statistics and the kruskal-wallis statistical method were used for data analysis. Based on the results obtained and the observations made, it was found that the interviewed residents have a low level of education, use natural resources for income, such as artisanal fishing (Camará), subsistence agriculture (Cipoteua) and mechanized agriculture (São João), in addition to the benefits granted by the Federal Government. Respondents from the São João community have higher monthly gross income than the Camará and Cipoteua communities. It was possible to verify precarious access to basic services such as garbage collection, water supply and sanitary sewage. There were significant variations in perception regarding the environmental aspects analyzed in each community, such as water quality and vegetation condition. 91% of respondents in this survey stated that higher productivity occurs in the main agro-extractive activities developed during the rainy season. In this context, studies based on the thematic environmental and socioeconomic perception is an important tool to understand how environmental aspects can influence communities that depend on natural resources, as well as for the establishment of programs to promote activities already developed in the studied area. . At the end of the study, it was possible to see its importance for the establishment of actions and public policies.
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JOSIANE SARMENTO DOS SANTOS
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AMEAÇAS NATURAIS E VULNERABILIDADE DAS MEDIDAS DE CONTROLE DE CHEIA NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
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Advisor : EDSON JOSE PAULINO DA ROCHA
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Data: Jul 31, 2019
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Ameaças naturais, como secas prolongadas e inundações causam problemas para o meio ambiente e seres vivos. Elas não são evitadas, porém os riscos associados às ameaças podem ser reduzidos. Então, a pesquisa analisou a precipitação na cidade de Belém-PA, leste da Amazônia, para caracterizar as ameaças presentes no espaço urbano local que possui uma população superior a um milhão de habitantes e assim verificar qual bacia hidrográfica está mais vulnerável de acordo com a medida de controle de cheia presente nela. Para tal, foram utilizados dados: de precipitação (PRP) diária (1967-2016), mensal e anual dos anos de 1896-2016 da estação meteorológica de superfície do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia em Belém-PA; do índice oceânico Niño (ION) e de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) no oceano Pacífico do portal da National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1967-2016); Dados do Dipolo do Atlântico da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (1967-2016); de Tábuas Maré do diretoria de hidrografia e navegação da Marinha do Brasil (2007-2016); Prognóstico Climáticos do INMET/CPTEC (1997-2016); pontos de alagamentos da defesa civil do estado (2012) e do Centro Gestor e Operacional do Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia (2017); Informações do Plano Diretor Municipal; Existência de Alerta da Defesa civil Estadual e cotas altimétricas da Companhia de Desenvolvimento e Administração da Área Metropolitana de Belém. Através de testes de estatística e de probabilidade, os resultados mostraram que há um aumento da precipitação média no período chuvoso, principalmente nas últimas décadas, tanto que utilizando o Índice de Anomalia de Chuvas foi percebido que o IAC apresentou mais anos úmidos em 30 anos (1987-2016). Em relação ao prognóstico climático, sua acurácia foi de 69% de informações, ou seja, para a cidade é mais um mecanismo de informações sobre ameaças. As chuvas diárias são mais presentes na cidade, porém seu volume está abaixo da média diária de 50 anos (1967-2016) de 13, 5 mm/dia, contudo os eventos extremos de precipitação estão apresentando tendência de aumento, porém não houve relação com a TSM do oceano atlântico, ficando mais significativo para a série de precipitação que frequência da La Niña é mais expressiva para as chuvas da cidade, tanto que no período chuvoso a TSM do Pacífico é mais fria em comparação ao período menos chuvoso. Apesar de a cidade dispor de informações sobre o clima local, monitoramento de pontos de alagamentos, cotas altimétricas e dados de marés com previsão anual, Belém não está preparada para as ameaças naturais, haja vista que apresenta vulnerabilidade nas medidas de controle de cheia.
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FLAVIO AUGUSTO ALTIERI DOS SANTOS
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Efeitos da variabilidade climática global e do uso e cobertura da terra sobre o comportamento hidrológico do rio Xingu
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Data: Jul 30, 2019
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A expansão das fronteiras agrícolas na Amazônia vem produzindo alterações significativas na cobertura florestal, na superfície e no uso do solo. Os impactos mais recentemente, são ocasionados principalmente, pela expansão do agronegócio, uma consequência de contexto mundial, por conta que o mercado externo pressiona e incentiva a produção de determinados produtos, como a carne bovina e a soja. A carne bovina, por exemplo, o volume de exportação no período de 1997 e 2003 disparou significativamente, colocando o Brasil no topo do ranque mundial. Esse modelo de ocupação que a Amazônia vem experimentando ao longo das décadas, tem promovido intenso processo de transformação da sua paisagem que têm repercussão nas mudanças climáticas regionais e globais (NOBRE; SAMPAIO; SALAZAR, 2007). Becker (1990) afirmava que as políticas de desenvolvimento para a Amazônia promoveram a degradação da floresta e dos solos desta região. Entre as alterações ocorridas, se destacam as mudanças na cobertura florestal pristina que aconteceram pela ação antrópica presente, principalmente, na área de influência da rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230) e suas vicinais, cuja ocupação humana vem sendo induzida por projetos de colonização agrária nos últimos 45 anos. Costa (1997) cita que as políticas de ocupação da Amazônia sempre combinavam exploração econômica e estratégias políticas e militares, visando preservar as fronteiras internacionais e incorporar a economia regional à nacional. Fearnside (2001) registra que as grandes plantações de sojas estavam ocupando o norte do Mato Grosso a partir das áreas de cerrado, enquanto que a parte Sul e Leste do Pará, o predomínio em sua maior parte é de grandes propriedades de pecuária (FEARNSIDE, 2005). Devido ao crescente avanço do desmatamento registrado nas últimas décadas, principalmente sobre as áreas de floresta, várias pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas com intuito de entender melhor os impactos e consequências que este processo de ocupação, pode está influenciando no regime hidrológico da Amazônia. Alguns pesquisadores têm se dedicado a estudar e compreender os comportamentos dos eventos de secas e inundações extremas na região.
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IORI LEONEL ARNOLDO HUSSAK VAN VELTHEM LINKE
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KULONKOM PËTUKU KUTÏTËI / KURE KYNONORY KO RIKO, “CUIDANDO DA NOSSA TERRA”: A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E TERRITORIAL DE TERRAS INDÍGENAS, OS WAYANA E OS APARAI.
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Data: Jul 25, 2019
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o processo de implementação da PNGATI – a Política Nacional de Gestão Ambiental e Territorial de Terras Indígenas no Brasil - no território dos Wayana e Aparai (Terras Indígenas Parque do Tumucumaque e Rio Paru D‟Este) e suas relações com as concepções e práticas próprias da territorialidade destes povos. Em sua essência, a PNGATI, através da elaboração de planos de gestão coletiva (ou planos de gestão territorial e ambiental), deve ser aplicada contextualmente, a fim de garantir os direitos indígenas previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Questionei-me se a aplicação junto aos Wayana e Aparai, povos norte amazônicos, qu já ocorre há mais de uma década, estava sendo feita de forma a respeitar esse preceito. Desta forma, foi necessário, proceder com a identificação e análise de todos os atores, fatores e processos envolvidos na questão. Utilizei-me de expedientes e arcabouços metodológicos interdisciplinares, conjugando antropologia, história e biologia, em diferentes proporções, culminando em um arranjo investigativo cíclico que permitiu estudar os diferentes campos e conexões em questão. Neste bojo, as análises descritivo-análiticas empreendidas neste trabalho permitiriam responder positivamente a uma série de questões interrelacionadas: i) que a PNGATI representa um avanço no campo das garantias constitucionais dos direitos indígenas, vindo na esteira das mudanças de paradigma inicadas com a Constituição Federal de 1988; ii) que os Wayana e Aparai já vivem há muito tempo na região do estudo, sendo sujeitos de suas próprias histórias; iii) que estes povos possuem territorialidade própria, cujo padrão cíclico é marcado por uma série de fatores oriundos de sua organização social e política; iv) que tal territorialidade é desenvolvida com base em um amplo e complexo sistema de conhecimentos ecológicos tradicionais inextricavelmente ligados à sazonalidade e rica cosmovisão; v) que seu Plano de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental foi devidamente construído, no campo político e jurídico, e igualmente no campo simbólico, uma vez que está sendo ressignificado e apropriado conforme as formas próprias de viver dos Wayana e Aparai.
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AMANDA ESTEFANIA DE MELO FERREIRA
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SUSTENTABILIDADE URBANA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA: DESAFIOS A SEREM CONSOLIDADOS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE SANTARÉM – PA
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Data: Jul 24, 2019
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The notion of urban sustainability appears as a counterpoint to the traditional view of development, and is linked to the implementation of public policies, climatic events, economic forces, as well as the formation of new political and territorial scenarios. One of these scenarios is the creation of metropolitan regions in the Amazon, which takes place under different pretexts, with emphasis on political interest. The metropolitan region of Santarém, created from an articulation on the division of the territory of Pará state is a differentiated region, where socio-spatial diversity is associated both with the metropolitan hegemonic profile and with the riverside Amazonian origin. In this research, we evaluated the level and conditions of urban sustainability of the municipalities of the Metropolitan region of Santarém, Pará and their relationship with environmental problems and with the migration caused by the expansion of soy in the region. The Urban Sustainability Index System (SISU) was used to this analysis, composed by three indices, 10 indicators and 19 variables. Also based on SISU, the environmental problems found in online reports from August 2016 to July 2018 of two local newspapers with wide repercussions in Santarém (G1 - TV Tapajós and O Impacto) were categorized; and to understand the rural-urban relationship, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 21 rural communities, with 27 immigrants in 2011 and 8 in 2019 and a paired analysis between 8 respondents in 2011 and 2019. Advances in the performance of the municipalities in this region were identified, in relation to the PoliticalInstitutional Capacity Index (ICP) and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), with no improvement to the Environmental Quality Index (IQA). In the analysis of 265 reports, 39 environmental problems and 31 possible consequences for the quality of life of the population were identified, which point to a higher proportion of urban environmental problems in Santarém, when compared to the other municipalities in this metropolitan region. In the urban rural context, our preliminary analysis points to a strong migratory flow (ruralurban) for the period from 2000 to 2010 (soybean establishment period), although the pressure for agribusiness was not mentioned as a reason for immigration, but rather, the yearning for the search for a better quality of life and education, in addition to the absence of government institutions in rural areas. In fact, it was noted that the interviewees had better living conditions and an evolution in educational levels, living in the city. We highlight the need for more investments in the quality of services, production chains, territorial planning and environmental management in the studied region, so that integrated policies provide better living conditions for the populations and new levels of sustainability.
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RUANA ARETHA FARIAS SANTIAGO BECKMAN
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RIQUEZA E DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE MINHOCAS (Annelida, Oligochaeta) EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL
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Data: Jul 2, 2019
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The richness, distribution and abundance of Oligochaeta species were analyzed in relation to environmental parameters (internal forest precipitation, litter quantity, texture, pH and soil moisture) during 15 months in an area located in the peri-urban region of the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil, that belongs to Embrapa Eastern Amazon state company with a reserve area that corresponds to 2,706 hectares. In this study were found eight species: Pontoscolex corethrurus, Muller 1857, four species not been described yet and another 3 not determined due to the lack of characters required for identification. Species richness approached that found in other Amazon forest sites, however, most species occured in low abundance and with sparse distribution. It was also noted low functional diversity with all species belonging to the endogenous ecological category. In the study, the predominant species was Pontoscolex corethrurus, which represented 96.94% of the total density while the others summed up 3.06%. P. coretrhurus was dominant in all points in the site and in all periods. Because of this, it was the only species studied in relation to soil and climate attributes. In this study their abundance responded significantly to the internal precipitation while litter quantity, soil texture, pH and soil moisture did not show considerable effects. Demographics showed that this is an Oligochaeta species that can remain on the soil allyear long. It also mantains continued population development with their cocoons producing in three months of year. Although the number ofspecies detected did not show drastic reduction, the high dominance of P. corethrurus, the low functional diversity, the rarity and dispersion of native species spatio-temporal distributions offer clear indications for biodiversity loss in soil fauna in this forest remnant. Possibly this is accompanied by loss of soil ecosystem functions, because of isolation and surrounding urbanization.
Key words: Soil fauna. Demography. Pontoscolex corethrurus. Amazônia.
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DIEGO ALONSO BAUTISTA LÉVANO
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RELAÇÕES ECONÔMICA E CLIMÁTICA NA PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA NO LESTE DO PARÁ
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Data: Jun 28, 2019
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The present research related the average yields or productivity of the eight main crops located in municipalities in the east of Para. In the economic relation, it was worked with the dependent variable Gross agricultural value added (VAB.AGR) and the climatic relation was performed with the variables precipitation and temperature during 2002-2016. The selection of the eight crops was according to their percentage representation in the quantities produced during the study period. For this reason, the crops were divided into permanent (CP: banana, coconut palm, palm, and orange) and temporary (CT: sugar cane, cassava, corn, and soybean). The secondary data of the VAB.AGR, quantities produced (QP), average yields (Rm) or productivity and values of municipalities production were compiled in the portal of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Produção Agrícola Mensal (PAM). Regarding the complexity of the climatic variables, the information of the Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) for the precipitations and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) for the temperature data were researched and collected. The methodologies used were the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to know the level of association between the variables having as a dependent variable the GVA.AGR, as well as the Pearson Coefficient to know the degree of relationship between climatic variables and the QP and Rm. Finally, from the results obtained we can believe that the eight selected crops, at least one type of crop, is significant with the economic, and climatic development.
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LARISSE FERNANDA PEREIRA DE SOUZA
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DINÂMICA DE USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA EM ÁREAS DE NÃO FLORESTA COM PRESENÇA DE SAVANAS NO SUDESTE PARAENSE
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Data: Jun 28, 2019
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A importância da conservação das savanas tropicais no mundo está cada vez mais reconhecida, devido à sua abundante flora e fauna, e elevados níveis de espécies endêmicas. Estes sistemas dinâmicos de pastagens e florestas abertas cobrem aproximadamente de 15 a 24 milhões de Km² da América do Sul, Ásia a África. Contando também com a Austrália, esse ecossistema está presente em 20% de toda a superfície terrestre (CARVALHO; MUSTIN, 2017). Na América do Sul, os maiores complexos de Cerrado (savanas) ocorrem no Brasil, Bolívia, Paraguai, Venezuela e Colômbia. Por indicar um alto potencial agrícola, nos últimos 35 anos, o Cerrado brasileiro tem vivenciado uma das maiores expansões de terras agropastoris (RAMANKUTTY et al., 2016). Portanto, Campos e Cerrados representam uma enorme área, e apresentam uma grande capacidade de produção alimentar atual e futura (HILL; HANAN, 2001). Mais de 20 milhões de hectares de vegetação natural no Cerrado são considerados adequados para a expansão de soja, e até 11 milhões de hectares de terrenos poderiam ser legalmente convertidos sob as leis do código florestal. No Cerrado, existem grandes áreas de terras desmatadas adequadas para soja, porém essas terras não estão localizadas em regiões com a mais rápida expansão recente da soja em vegetação nativa (GIBBS et al., 2015). Diferentemente do bioma amazônico, poucos esforços têm-se colocado na redução do desmatamento do Cerrado em comparação a atenção nacional e internacional para as taxas de desmatamento da Amazônia brasileira (GIBBS et al., 2015). Vale ressaltar que não existe uma rotina de monitoramento no Cerrado pelo governo brasileiro, e a própria legislação demostra essa desvantagem de proteção contra o desmatamento.
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LANA PATRICIA MARTINS NUNES
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QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL DA ÁREA URBANA DO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM/PA: o desafio de mensurar
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Data: Jun 21, 2019
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The accelerated and disorderly growth of cities has not been accompanied by the growth and improvement of urban infrastructure, which contribute decisively to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Studies on the urban environment reveal that the urbanization process generates impacts, both environmental and social, however these impacts can be avoided or at least minimized through an effective planning process. For this reason, the great challenge of urban planning bodies is to understand the functioning of the urban environment and provide the right conditions for communities to develop sustainably, seeking a balance between quality of life and preservation of the environment. In this sense, studies that deal with the reality of environmental quality in urban ecosystems are of fundamental importance to support planning policies and more efficient land management. This research aims to evaluate the environmental quality in the urban area of the municipality of Belém / PA, one of the municipalities of the northern region of the country that presents, in population terms, large extensions of subnormal clusters and highlights in the real estate scenario, with characteristics similar to many Brazilian cities. To evaluate the environmental quality, the methodological procedures developed by Borja (1998) and Kawakubo et. al., (2005) were used, using environmental and infrastructure indicators (water supply, sanitary sewage, urban cleaning, flooding, noise pollution and cover (SIPAM, CIOP, SESAN, IBGE, etc.) for the construction of a synthetic index of environmental quality.In order to observe stratifications between the districts, environmental quality charts and basic indexes were developed using Arcgis software. The perception of the residents was also investigated through structured questionnaires whose items correspond to the same indicators selected in the objective data. In order to observe possible contrast between the objective and subjective data an index of environmental perception was constructed using the same methodological precepts for the construction of the objective data and their respective spatialization. The data show that although the results point to a sufficient level of environmental quality, residents are dissatisfied with the infrastructure and quality of the environment.
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JOYSE TATIANE SOUZA DOS SANTOS
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IMPACTOS DO USO E COBERTURA DO SOLO NO REGIME HIDROLÓGICO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO APEÚ/PA.
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Data: Jun 17, 2019
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The preservation of a river basin is a key process to guarantee the functioning of the system that involves the hydrological cycle, whose fundamental element is water. The general objective of this work was to analyze the distribution of water, based on the flow dynamics and to verify the behavior of the different hydrological processes in the different conditions of use and soil cover. The study was developed in the watershed of the Apeú river, located in northeastern Para, is a complex basin, which is inserted in both rural and urban environments, and which suffers constant anthropic interventions. The Soil and Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied, using climatic data from a meteorological station, belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and geocartographic data from institutions such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company (EMBRAPA). It was also discussed the applicability of the SWAT model as a complementary tool in the management of water resources, motivated by the search for alternative knowledge of the processes occurring in the Apeú river basin. It was also sought to spatially evaluate the distribution of water in the basin, through the simulation of water production (WYLD) generated by the SWAT model, during the period from August 2007 to August 2018, a simulation of scenarios with different use and occupation of the soil, of the basin under study, and these were compared with the current scenario (TerraClass 2014). With the results it can be affirmed that the SWAT model is a help in the generation of information in basins that do not have monitoring, being possible through it, to identify the amount of WYLD, as a function of the difference of water entering the system (precipitation) in relation to their losses (evapotranspiration, among others). In order to obtain better planning of the water resources in the basin under analysis. By verifying that the WYLD is closely linked with the dynamics of the land uses and occupations and the morphometry of the Apeú river basin and not only the seasonality of precipitation in the region, then as a strategy to minimize environmental impacts an information booklet was proposed focused on environmental issues with the aim of informing the community about the importance of conserving the Apeú river and with this to obtain benefits and quality of life.
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AUREA SILVA ALMEIDA
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OS SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL: RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PROVISÃO DE SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS E A PERCEPÇÃO DO SEU VALOR PELOS AGRICULTORES
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Data: Apr 30, 2019
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Iniciativas de restauração florestal global e regional vêm emergindo fortemente visando recuperar funções e benefícios dos ecossistemas. Dentre os principais compromissos globais apresentam-se as metas 14 e 15 de Aichi para a biodiversidade (COP CDB 2010) que objetivam a recuperação de ecossistemas degradados e contribuição da biodiversidade para os estoques de carbono e proteção de serviços ambientais (MMA, 2016; PLANAVEG, 2017) e o desafio de Bonn (2011) para restauração de 150 milhões de hectares até 2020 e 350 milhões de hectares até 2030. No Brasil, a NDC (Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinadas, sigla em inglês) foi elaborada em 2015 e ratificada em 2016 a fim de contemplar estratégias para mitigar as emissões de gases do efeito estufa pelo país e para adaptação às mudanças climáticas (REIS et al., 2017) . A partir dessa iniciativa e da validação do acordo de Paris durante a COP21, em 2016, o Brasil se comprometeu em reduzir os riscos de mudanças climática, aderiu a acordos internacionais como ao Desafio de Bonn e a iniciativa 20x20 e estabeleceu uma grande meta em restaurar, reflorestar e promover a recuperação natural de 12 milhões de hectares de florestas até 2030 (MAPA, 2016).
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RONALDO DA CRUZ BRAGA
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VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL DIANTE DA AÇÃO DO MAR NA ZONA COSTEIRA DE SALINÓPOLIS-PARÁ-AMAZÔNIA
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Data: Apr 12, 2019
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Presentation: Amazonia has an extensive Coastal Zone, with approximately 3,044 km, occupying 35% of the Brazilian coast, with great part of the Orla in different levels of physical vulnerability. Objective: This thesis aims to analyze the physical vulnerability to the action of the sea, the socioenvironmental impacts and related adaptation strategies in the Coastal Zone of the Municipality of Salinópolis, located in the Northern Coast, Pará-Maranhão region of the Amazon Coastal Zone. Methodology: The Orla was subdivided into seven subsectors, according to the Orla Project criteria and physiographic and topographic characteristics. Two general vulnerability indices were determined: Sea Energy Action Vulnerability Index and Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Index (IVC). For the determination of the two indices, the following variables were used: geological, geomorphological, coast slope, topographic dimension, wave height, tidal amplitude, coastline variation, current sea level variation, using time series and future, based on the RCP8.5 scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Questionnaires were applied to the population and to the main Municipal Secretariats. The maps were made using orbital images of 1984, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2015 and 2016, SRTM images and aerial surveying, processed in ArcGis 10.3. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statistical Analysis Software SAS 9.4 program. The socioeconomic data were extracted from the census tracts of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, year 2010. Results: five sectors presented Muto Alto indexes and two Moderate to the energy action of the sea. The current vulnerability index to sea level rise showed three sectors of the Lower Bay, two in Moderate and two in High. In the future IVC, five sectors showed Very High, High and Low. In a one-meter elevation sea environment, major environmental systems will be affected, beaches, mangroves, dunes, cliffs, as well as the most vulnerable population will suffer the greatest impacts. The application of the questionnaires showed that the local population can identify the main impacts and has its own adaptation strategies. The municipality does not have in the Master Plan, nor do the secretariats present containment mechanisms, intervention and adaptation of impacts arising from a possible rise in sea level. Conclusion: the high levels of vulnerability of the sea energy action have caused erosion along the coast. The scenario of impacts of sea elevation on the edge of Salinópolis requires the application of efficient public policies to adapt the most socially vulnerable population.
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ANA PAULA MONTEIRO ALENCAR
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PESCADORES ARTESANAIS DA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA MARINHA CAETÉ TAPERAÇU E A PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL SOBRE OS RECURSOS NATURAIS
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Data: Mar 11, 2019
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Sustainable Use Conservation Units are areas that seek to prioritize the harmonious relationship between human populations, their livelihoods, and the environment. Currently, in Brazil, the areas of environmental conservation are flagged as areas of great importance and are seen as strategies for the protection and management of territories. At this juncture, population groups that inhabit these areas are dedicated to extractive, highlighting here fishing practiced in an artisan way. Thus, this work presents the following analyzes: I - A social, economic and environmental characteristic as well as contributions to analyze and trace the profile of artisanal fishermen residing in three fishing communities of the municipality of Bragança, northeast of the state of Pará, included in the Extractive Reserve Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu. II- To analyze the environmental perception of artisanal fishermen on the aspects of the action of the fishing activity, the natural resources and the extractive reserve and its management. To that end, interviews were conducted through questionnaires to 251 families of artisanal fishermen between men and women, of which 85 (33.86%) were from Vila dos Pescadores, 96 (38.25%) from Vila do Castelo and 70 (27.89%) of Vila do Taperuçu. From this, it was observed that the interviewees' ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old, and they have low schooling, where 50% did not finish even elementary school, showing that income is around 5,506.56 ± 3,905.85 R$ per year, and 86.85% of this income is linked to the link they have with the middleman. As a result, most artisanal fishermen own 92% of their own homes, use wells dug 59.36% or 40.24% water distribution network, have septic tank 49% and urban cleaning services are available. which meets 56.57% of respondents. In analysis II, questionnaires were used following the Likert-type scale model, and the data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5% (𝛼 = 0.05). This resulted in the environmental perception about the activity of the fishing activity, that it was possible to verify significant differences among the communities (𝑝 = 0.015). However, only the Taperaçu community differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.013), and there were no significant differences between the communities. As for the environmental perception about the use of natural resources, the communities differed from each other. The community of Castelo differed from the community of Taperaçu (𝑝 < 0.001) and Fisher Village (𝑝 < 0.001). However, it was not possible to identify differences between the community of Taperaçu and Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 = 0.269); and the environmental perception about the extractive reserve and the management plan, it was possible to identify significant differences between the communities (𝑝 = 0.001). However, only the 6 community of Castelo differed from Vila dos Pescadores (𝑝 < 0.001) and there were no significant differences between the other communities. Considering that one community diverged from the other because of factors such as political representativeness, which generates visibility for the community, causing good accessibility and inclusion of fishermen in sustainable programs for sustainability, thus occurring greater engagement of one community to the detriment of the other.
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SABRINA BENMUYAL VIEIRA
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SUSTENTABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO FLORESTAL DAS PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES MADEIREIRAS COMERCIALIZADAS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
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Data: Mar 8, 2019
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A sustentabilidade da produção florestal é um assunto de grande debate no manejo de florestas tropicais. A preocupação em ter disponível continuamente os recursos naturais, principalmente, madeiras de espécies emblemáticas no mercado, tornou-se um desafio para a sociedade. O presente estudo consistirá em avaliar a sustentabilidade da produção florestal das principais espécies madeireiras comercializadas na Amazônia brasileira através da análise da estrutura e dinâmica de crescimento populacional da espécie, comparadas às normas de exploração contidas nas legislações vigentes. Neste estudo, será investigado se a sustentabilidade da produção florestal das principais espécies madeireiras para Amazônia brasileira estaria comprometida. Serão testadas as seguintes hipóteses: i) As espécies madeireiras mais comercializadas são as espécies com menor densidade de árvores em diferentes sítios florestais da Amazônia brasileira, e ii) A dinâmica de crescimento populacional (Incremento Periódico Anual e Taxa de Recuperação) das espécies madeireiras mais comercializadas na Amazônia recupera o estoque colhido em tempo superior ao estabelecido pela legislação brasileira vigente (25 a 35 anos) em diferentes sítios florestais da Amazônia brasileira. A pesquisa será desenvolvida a partir da analise de dados da Rede de Monitoramento da Dinâmica de Florestas na Amazônia – Redeflor que abrangem áreas de monitoramento de inventário florestal contínuo, em parcelas permanentes, em quatro estados da Amazônia brasileira: Pará (n = 7), Amapá (n = 1), Acre (n = 3) e Amazonas (n = 2). As 13 áreas experimentais são constituídas de 291 parcelas permanentes, com dimensões variadas (50 x 50 m; 50 x 100 m; 100 x 100 m; 40 x 250 m), que acumulam um total de 169 ha de área experimental. Para o estudo, inicialmente, serão determinadas cinco espécies entre as mais comercializadas no Estado do Pará, levando-se em consideração a consistência da identificação botânica. Posteriormente, serão estimados os parâmetros de densidade populacional, Incremento Periódico Anual (m³.ha.ano-¹) e Taxa de Recuperação (%), para o volume e número de árvores, das cinco espécies madeireiras selecionadas. A partir dos resultados da estrutura e dinâmica populacional espera-se conhecer o comportamento e a capacidade de recuperação das espécies na floresta para discutir as possíveis implicações das normas atuais de manejo.
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CAMIL WADIH SALAME
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TRENDS ANALYSIS IN HYDROCLIMATE VARIABLES IN THE ARAGUAIA-TOCANTINS BASIN AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
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Data: Feb 28, 2019
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A Bacia Hidrográfica Araguaia-Tocantins (BHAT) é a mais extensa em área de drenagem dentro do território brasileiro, com processos de uso e ocupação cada vez mais crescentes em termos das demandas do agronegócio e exploração mineral. Nesta pesquisa realizou-se um estudo estatístico sobre as tendências hidroclimáticas (precipitação e vazão) na BHAT e suas relações com a agricultura irrigada. O mapeamento hidroclimático baseado na análise de agrupamento identificou quatro regiões homogêneas dentro da BHAT, duas ao norte com predominancia de altos valores de chuva/vazão e alta disponibilidade hídrica e duas regiões se estendendo ao longo da bacia, com valores mais baixos de chuva e vazão e menor disponibilidade hídrica. O regime chuvoso da BHTA ocorre entre dezembro e março e o regime seco entre maio e setembro. Os meses de outubro/novembro e abril são de transição com variações pronunciadas no ciclo sazonal. O estudo geoestatistico de previsões chuva/vazão revelou que os resultados usando o modelo de Box-Jenkings é relativamente melhor quando comparado ao modelo de Redes Neurais Artificias. A abordagem integrada das variáveis hidroclimaticas com os dados agropecuários dentro da BHTA revelaram um padrão significante de tendências negativas de precipitação e vazões coincidentes espacialmente nas regiões de intensa produtividade de milho e soja e de rebanho bovino. Um resultado relevante foi a deteção de correlação espacial significativa entre o número de pivos centrais em regiões com baixa disponibilidade hídrica, os quais favorecem a produtividade das culturas temporárias.
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ADENIO MIGUEL SILVA DA COSTA
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VULNERABILIDADE DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA MESORREGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM, PARÁ
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Data: Feb 27, 2019
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The vulnerability of water resources (VRH) was analyzed under three different cartographic scales, applying remote sensing techniques on different sensor products, TM/Landsat-5 and 8 for cities, RapidEye for mesobacias and orthophotos for micro catchments. Through a hybrid approach, first, by the use of these images and, also, by the application of supervised classifi-cation techniques MaxVer and GeoBIA. One of the VRH study parameters derived from the results of these analyzes, which was the LUCC. The other parameter, the Anthropogenic Pres-sure. VRH was the result of map algebra of these two parameters. The multitemporal diagnosis of MRMB in the years of 1984, 1994, 2008 and 2017, showed the tendency of increasing the classes of land use, Non Forest (NF) and Anthropic Areas (AA), in general, with the decrease of the classes of land cover, Forest (FL) and Secondary Formations (SF), with emphasis on the period from 1994 to 2017, where FS decreased by 1,234.04 km2 and NF increased by 554.79 km2. Also, classes for the pressure parameter were defined, in order to associate them numeri-cally with those of LUCC, where the algorithm of natural breaks was applied. It was identified the reduction of FL in the four micro catchments for the period from 2011 to 2015, reaching a quantitative of 35.21 km2 in the Caraparu river basin, 18.47 km2 for Guajará-Açu, 24.12 km2 for Tauá and 0.75 km2 for that of Apeú. In the watersheds, FL and AA were predominant, in which the Ariri and Maguari-Açu basins were most impacted, with 60.88% and 54.55%, re-spectively, of their territories occupied by AA. To justify such changes in the landscape, drivers of change were pointed out and discussed. The VRH study revealed that in the Mesobacias there was a decrease in areas of vulnerability with low degree and increase of moderate degree, with emphasis on the Apeú basin, where the first one decreased by 10.94% and the last in-creased by 12.21%. For the micro catchments, considering the sum of the classes of the High and Very High grades, Ariri presented 36.45% and Maguari-Açu 45.59%. Similarly, the groups of basins presented regions of higher degree of VRH closer to the smaller watercourses, up to 30 m, as well as their sources. The Complementary Analyzes contributed towards the visuali-zation of the problem in another perspective, such as the increasing fragmentation of the forests, as well as the vulnerability of the surrounding areas of the rivers, the APP.
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JOSE DANILO DA COSTA SOUZA FILHO
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ANÁLISE DOS FLUXOS TURBULENTOS DE CO2 E ENERGIA ENTRE O ECOSSISTEMA AQUÁTICO E ATMOSFERA NA FLONA DE CAXIUANÃ-PA
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Data: Feb 26, 2019
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Esta pesquisa interdisciplinar em ciências ambientais, na linha da física do clima, investigou os fluxos turbulentos de CO2 e energia, na interface da baia de Caxiuanã - atmosfera na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (FLONA) localizada na Amazônia Oriental sob influência de variáveis atmosféricas, da cota da baia e do gradiente de temperatura na interface baia-atmosfera, durante os anos de 2013 e 2014. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos a 7 metros, em média, acima da lamina de água, a partir de uma torre micrometeorológica, instalada na baia de Caxiuanã, a qual fez parte do projeto Rede de Mudanças Climáticas e Ambientais do Pará: Uma Perspectiva de Estudos Integrados. Medidas de fluxos CO2, calor sensível e calor latente e foram coletados através de um sistema de vórtices turbulentos. Dados meteorológicos foram coletados por uma estação meteorológica automática. Verificou-se que a precipitação registrada nos anos estudados foi superior a normal climatológica. A temperatura média horária da água da baia esteve sempre superior a temperatura do ar ao longo dos meses. O gradiente de temperatura vertical médio mensal na interface baia - atmosfera se mostrou sempre positivo, alcançando os maiores e menores valores no período chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram um forte padrão sazonal na partição do saldo de energia para aquecer a atmosfera (H) e para o processo de evaporação (Le). Na análise do fluxo de CO2 podemos verificar um claro padrão sazonal com o período chuvoso e seco da região, ou seja, as magnitudes dos FCO2, tanto de emissão quanto de sequestro pela baia, são maiores nos meses chuvosos quando comparados com os meses secos. Palavras
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EDUARDO RIBEIRO MARINHO
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ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DO RIO GUAMÁ E SUAS INTERFACES CLIMÁTICAS E SOCIOAMBIENTAIS EM SÃO MIGUEL DO GUAMÁ, NORDESTE PARAENSE
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Data: Feb 25, 2019
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This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
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NELSON ANTONIO CASTELLON RODRIGUEZ
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VARIAÇÃO SAZONAL DO CARBONO EM UM ECOSSISTEMA DE MANGUEZAL NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL: FLORÍSTICA, CLIMA E ECONOMIA
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Data: Feb 25, 2019
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This interdisciplinary research aims at investigating the seasonal and economic dimensions of the mangrove forest, in relation to the capture, storage and carbon emissions, from spatial variation of floristic, physical-chemical, biological and climatic variables for the period of 2016 and 2017 in the Eastern Amazon. The study area is located at the Experimental Site of UFRA / UFPA in the village of Cuiarana, Salinópolis-PA. The floristic inventory method consisted of transects and plots, with DBH measures ≥ 2.5cm, monthly precipitation data generated by the CMORPH technique and the tide of the Salinopólis Fundeadouro. The stock of organic carbon, CO2 emissions and physico-chemical and biological variables were measured through seasonal sampling in nine 20x20m plots in three mangrove strata. Socioeconomic data are based on the combination of carbon dioxide fluxes measured by a micrometereological tower installed in the study area and interviews with residents of Cuiarana Village. Spatially, the main results show that for the three mangrove strata the dominance of Rhizophora mangle (L) was observed, with the highest values of phytosociological indices. The species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn presented a higher positive correlation (0.72) with organic carbon during the rainy season. The largest stocks and emissions of organic carbon in the soil occurred in the adult mangrove in the rainy season when compared to the young / dwarf and intermediate strata. In the socioeconomic context, the villagers identified nine mangrove properties of which the main ones are the consumption and the sale of the crab in the less rainy season. However, services for carbon capture and storage in the soil presented higher income in the rainy season. The incomes estimated by mangrove goods and services were R $ 92,660.50 per hectare per year.
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FILIPE GOMES DIAS
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ANÁLISE INTEGRADA DA PAISAGEM NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ACARÁ, AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL: SUBSÍDIOS AO PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL
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Data: Feb 22, 2019
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The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.
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HYAGO ELIAS NASCIMENTO SOUZA
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INFLUÊNCIA DA DINÂMICA ATMOSFÉRICA NA PRODUÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA EM UM MANGUEZAL DA COSTA AMAZÔNICA
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Data: Feb 19, 2019
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This work aimed to investigate the influence of atmospheric dynamics on litterfall production in the Cuiarana mangrove, Salinópolis, Amazon Coast. The seasonal rainfall variation was analyzed along with the precipitating systems on the Amazon coast and its influence on the variability of litterfall production. It was also characterized the temporal variation of the direction and speed of the wind and its influence on the spatiotemporal production of litterfall. In a mangrove forest, 3 sample plots were delineated with 3 mangrove species Rizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. In each plot, 4 traps 1 m2 were randomly installed. Meteorological data were obtained from the Micrometeorological Tower of the UFRA located in the study area. The main statistical methodologies used were two-way and one-way ANOVA, linear regression analysis (p <0.05) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The results show that the temporal variation of precipitation is modulated by different meteorological systems, where the months of March, April and May appear as the region's rainiest quarter. The annual distribution of wind direction showed predominance in the eastern (E), frequency of winds with higher velocity were recorded in the second semester. In the litterfall production there was a significant difference between the values of monthly production and between the fractions. The annual total litter production was 9.4 ± 0.06 Mg ha-1 year-1, where 67% was composed by the leaf fraction. Leaves had negative trends with precipitation, but woody and reproductive material had positive trends. The ACP shows in 4 components negative correlation with reproductive material and positive correlation with wood associated with the temporal variation of winds and rainfall.
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JOSE GUILLERMO MACHUCA ESPIRITU
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O ATERRO SANITÁRIO DE MARITUBA: ESTIMATIVA E DISPERSÃO DAS EMISSÕES DE BIOGÁS E A PERCEPÇÃO DA MUDANÇA DA QUALIDADE DO AR PELA POPULAÇÃO DO ENTORNO
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Data: Feb 18, 2019
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Urban Solid Waste in landfills and dumps is an important anthropogenic source of Greenhouse Gases, mainly Methane (CH4), which has a high capacity of retaining heat in the atmosphere. At the Marituba Solid Waste Processing and Processing Center (SWPPC) located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, current and future methane generation from the year 2015 were estimated through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model considering a minimum operation period of 15 years. The landfill will generate during its history approximately 610 thousand metric tons of CH4, of which approximately 95% will be produced in the coming years. Considering the global warming potential of methane that is 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) over the years, this will generate an amount equivalent to 17 million tons of carbon dioxide. The dispersion of methane gas as a tracer of other gases and odors generated at CPTR Marituba using a Gaussian dispersion model shows that at night time (18:00-06:00) gas accumulation is higher at the area surrounding the landfill and causes discomfort in the population, validating this information with the results of the interviews with the residents of the surrounding area of the municipalities of Ananindeua and Marituba, who suffer the greatest annoyances due to the bad odors in this same nocturnal period. The results of this research should be considered in the definition of public policies for the location of new landfills and in the implementation of actions to mitigate the negative impact of existing landfills. Despite the relevance of the topic addressed in this study, studies on the generation and dispersion of gases as well as the impact on the surrounding population in landfills in the Amazon Region are scarce in the literature, so this work will add to the understanding about landfills and its impacts on the Amazon as well as the use of biogas.
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ANA CRISTINA OLIVES ERAZO
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INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DE CIDADES LOCALIZADAS EM ÁREAS ESTUARINAS
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Data: Jan 31, 2019
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A proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável e sua compreensãodemandam por métodos que possibilitem sua quantificação e qualificação a partir de indicadores estabelecidos para medir a sustentabilidade de um sistema, baseados em diferentes variáveis que apontam para a sustentabilidade ou não de um determinado lugar. Neste trabalho foram escolhidos dois municípios, Bragança (Brasil) e Esmeraldas (Equador), de alta fragilidade ambiental pela sua localização em áreas estuarinas e ocorrência de áreas protegidas com a presença de manguezais,com o objetivo de analisar o nível de sustentabilidade em áreas estuarinas amazônicas e andinas, por meio da ferramenta do Barômetro da Sustentabilidade (BS). Foram selecionados 40 indicadores extraídos de fontes oficiais dos dois países, assim distribuídos: 23 sociais, 3 econômicos e 14 ambientais, tendo como resultado que o município de Bragança-Brasil obteve a posição “potencialmente insustentável a intermediário” e o município de Esmeraldas-Equador teve um desempenho “intermediário”. De forma geral, o resultado obtido pelo BS e a avaliação individual dos indicadores, principalmente o ambiental, colocam os ambientes avaliados em uma situação de risco, principalmente com o avanço da alteração do percentual de cobertura vegetal nas áreas limites e próximo aos cursos d´água da região.
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MARIA CAROLINA CHAVES DE SOUSA
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ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL NA AMAZÔNIA: ESTUDO DA GLEBA “C” DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ, NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM.
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Data: Jan 23, 2019
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The primary objective of this study was to analyze the influence, in the degree of social and environmental vulnerability, of the work of recognition of the real right of use with the Concession of Special Use for Housing Purposes – CUEM, in Portuguese, to the residents of Part C of the Federal University of Pará - UFPA, in Belém. This case study is related to the history of the occupation of the area of the city of Belém. At the beginning of the 20th century, urbanization and occupation of privileged spaces to the detriment of "lowland" spaces and near the floodplain. The "lowlands" were occupied by a population, mostly with socioeconomic deficiencies, forming sets of dwellings in private and public real estate, specifically, in this study, the area where the UFPA is situated today, and that is susceptible to floods and floods. To bring the rights of these occupants to justice a regularization work was carried out by UFPA, together with public entities of the state and the Union, to deliver CUEMs to beneficiaries who fulfilled the requirements of MP 2220 / 2001. Using indicators and indexes related to social, economic, legal and environmental issues (Urban Infrastructure, Human Capital, Income and Labor, Legal and Health and Environment), based on secondary data, the Socioenvironmental Vulnerability Index of the resident population in Gleba C was calculated in the years 2000 and 2010. The results show that the degree of socioenvironmental vulnerability is high both in the year 2000 (0.595) and in 2010 (0.514). In conclusion, the regularization effort carried out did not influence the reduction of the degree of vulnerability socioenvironmental of the residents and stand out solely as a patrimonial adjustment, transferring formal responsibilities of land use to the beneficiary residents and recognition of the right of this title by force of law.
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