A problemática ambiental contemporânea apresenta desafios interligados, que exigem ações urgentes e abordagens sustentáveis para garantir a proteção e a conservação/preservação do meio ambiente, além de promover uma coexistência harmoniosa entre os seres humanos e a natureza. No entanto, até o século XX, a questão ambiental não era considerada uma prioridade global ou regional. Foi apenas a partir da década de 1960 que o movimento ambiental ganhou força, impulsionado pelo relatório "Os Limites do Crescimento Econômico", fruto do debate do Clube de Roma (1972). Esse documento pioneiro alertou sobre os impactos catastróficos caso não houvesse uma mudança nos paradigmas econômicos e políticos, provocando uma reflexão profunda sobre as práticas socioeconômicas adotadas na época. A Educação Ambiental (EA) emergiu como uma resposta educacional para conscientizar globalmente sobre os desafios ambientais, estabelecendo-se como um campo de ação pedagógica essencial desde então. Apesar dos esforços, a EA ainda não alcançou seu potencial máximo como uma ferramenta eficaz na mitigação dos problemas ambientais e sociais. No Brasil, especificamente, a implementação da EA nas escolas ainda é incipiente e fragmentada, necessitando de uma avaliação crítica de sua aplicação prática e sua conexão com a realidade social. No contexto brasileiro, a EA precisa enfrentar desafios significativos, especialmente em regiões como o Nordeste, incluindo a cidade de Aracaju, onde fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais complexos interagem e se espraiam continuamente. A inserção efetiva da EA nas escolas de Aracaju é importante para enfrentar esses desafios locais, promovendo a conscientização sobre a fragilidade socioambiental e incentivando práticas sustentáveis. Por isso, esta tese investiga práticas de gestores escolares na rede municipal de ensino de Aracaju, em relação à Educação Ambiental. Além disso, busca-se subsidiar, por meio de metodologias ativas, abordagens que fortaleçam a integração dessas práticas e promovam a formação de cidadãos conscientes e engajados com a sustentabilidade ambiental. Essa pesquisa visa não apenas identificar lacunas na implementação da EA, mas também sugerir estratégias para fortalecer seu papel transformador na educação para um desenvolvimento humano sustentável e na promoção de uma convivência mais equilibrada entre sociedade e natureza. A pesquisa realizada em Aracaju revela desafios na implementação da Educação Ambiental nas escolas municipais. Apesar da alta taxa de escolarização (97,4%), disparidades estruturais afetam a qualidade educacional, especialmente em áreas periféricas, como Lamarão e Soledade, que carecem de infraestrutura adequada e áreas verdes. A gestão educacional enfrenta obstáculos, como a falta de capacitação de professores e a fragmentação das iniciativas educativas. A integração de metodologias ativas no currículo é recomendada para engajar os alunos de forma colaborativa e prepará-los para desafios socioambientais. A pesquisa enfatiza a necessidade urgente de investimentos em infraestrutura, formação de professores e engajamento comunitário para uma educação mais inclusiva e contextualizada. Essas medidas são essenciais não apenas para atender metas normativas, mas também para formar cidadãos conscientes e responsáveis, promovendo um futuro sustentável e equitativo em Aracaju.

This research aims to analyze the Green Grabbing phenomenon in Protected Areas in southwest Pará in the midst of the institutional vulnerability process promoted by the State, which, in its trajectory as a manager of public power, demonstrates its actions targeting institutional vulnerability and, therefore, environmental vulnerability, being more at the service of neoliberal policies than actually aiming at fulfilling their role as responsible for 12 preserving the existing biodiversity and natural resources in the Protected Areas of southwest Pará. For the partial development of the thesis, a bibliographic and documentary survey was necessary, in addition to data collection on websites of institutions dedicated to environmental protection and monitoring, in state instances, research bodies and nongovernmental organizations. Such data were also used in the primary production of cartographic material of the research. Considering that this material is still a partial report, what can be presented from the analyzes developed so far is the information systematization regarding the historical behavior of the State as a managing agent of Protected Areas, who should act as responsible for their maintenance and biological quality. The production of primary cartographic material can also be considered as a result, given that the maps demonstrate spatially the environmental impacts of the research area, and thus corroborate with the systematized information about the behavior of the State in the institutional vulnerability process.

A criação do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim para 12 municípios paraenses (Castanhal, Curuçá, Igarapé Açu, Magalhães Barata, Maracanã, Marapanim, Santa Izabel do Pará, Santo Antônio do Tauá, São Caetano de Odivelas, São Francisco do Pará, Terra Alta e Vigia de Nazaré) em parceria com a Universidade Federal do Pará e as 12 Prefeituras, representa uma iniciativa sem precedentes na Amazônia Paraense. O instrumento Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica definido nas normas legais do Art. 51 da Política Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (Lei No. 6.381/01) estabelece uma arena política e institucional, à medida que representantes de diferentes segmentos da sociedade e do poder público, dentro de um cenário definido pelos limites da bacia interagem, afim de encontrar consenso diante das questões de sua competência. O estudo mostra que historicamente a escassez e a insegurança da água explícitas e reais não estão relacionadas somente à indisponibilidade/disponibilidade absoluta da água limpa e fresca ou a má distribuição geográfica, sendo, na verdade, consequência da combinação de fatores naturais, econômicos, sociais e políticos. A crise da água é impulsionada por conflitos injustos de atores com forças participativas desiguais relacionadas à distribuição equitativa do acesso e dos benefícios econômicos derivados da atribuição de um valor à natureza (dimensão econômica), ao reconhecimento (dimensão cultural) e à representação (dimensão política) do esgotamento, especificamente no antropoceno, em relação a sua oferta A escassez hídrica não reflete apenas os aspectos relativos à oferta (quantitativa e qualitativa) e a demanda (uso pretendido e projetado) mas, também, refere-se aos significados da água, aos níveis de acesso e de padrões de uso e ao controle sobre sua gestão e sua alocação, os quais permitem a compreensão dos motivos pelos quais se privilegia o acesso a alguns enquanto ele é obstaculizado a outros. Nesse sentido, as ideias que dão sentido aos fundamentos da política de recursos hídricos são dominadas por valores macroeconômicos neoliberais e desenvolvimentistas, inclusive a Política Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Pará. Diante deste cenário, a questão que surgiu e norteou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi “como o CBHRM está contribuindo para o processo de governança participativa da água no Estado do Pará?”As transformações em curso nos organismos colegiados no Brasil, mostram que a efetividade dos instrumentos de participação podem alterar os padrões de governança, estabelecendo novas mediações entre sociedade civil e Estado, transformações baseadas no aprimoramento das relações democráticas, que podem representar uma possibilidade de transformação da lógica da gestão pública, proporcionando espaços de interlocução mais complexos e ampliando o grau de responsabilidade de segmentos envolvidos, além de permitir que haja uma democratização do poder de decisão sobre temas importantes e que envolvem muitas pessoas.

This work analyzes the dynamics of the landscape through a geosystemic analysis and the integration of labor in the studied area, based on public policies. Transformations in the landscape were analyzed using satellite, bibliographic, and field data to assess the landscape changes and the emergence of anthropogenic landscapes due to the occupation process of the Transamazônica Highway. The study also identifies which agricultural activities most influenced deforestation and landscape alteration, leading to anthropogenic landscapes. A map of land use and cover is presented using MapBiomas data, in QGIS software version 3.28.2. The landscape of the area in question shows a high degree of anthropization, mainly caused by the implementation of pastures and cocoa plantations. This study is necessary to understand the environmental changes that have occurred in the region due to the occupation of the Transamazônica Highway. It is also expected that the results will contribute to the analysis of the effectiveness of public policies implemented in the region.

Key words: landscape dinamics; anthropogenic landscapes; geosystemic analysis.

A presente dissertação que tem como objetivo analisar os impactos na mudança da dinâmica socioespacial das mulheres remanejadas para o RUC Laranjeiras, ou seja, mostrar como essas mulheres padeceram e ainda padecem com o deslocamento compulsório em função da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, na Volta Grande do Xingu. O foco da discussão se apresenta relevante devido às desconstruções do espaço vivido e o remanejamento de mulheres para os Reassentamentos Urbanos, pensados como uma medida compensatória para os agentes sociais atingidos. Como forma de investigação e explicação da realidade estudada, a pesquisa ampara-se no método geográfico, discorrendo pelo materialismo histórico e dialético. O caminho metodológico ampara-se numa base exploratória. A pesquisa está sustentada por três pilares (teórica, histórica, empírica). Como resultado pode-se verificar que as mulheres tiveram seu modo de vida alterado de forma drástica, sem pelo menos serem ouvidas no processo de deslocamento, com isso buscam de forma incansável pelos seus direitos.

Socio-environmental impacts, which are changes suffered by the environment and caused by
human actions or activities that have a direct influence on the quality of life of populations.
These aspects can be verified in the Serra do Piriá region, located in the municipality of Viseu-
PA, where among the various activities we highlight the mineral exploration that led to sudden
changes in the natural space, with impacts being identified, such as: the deforestation of native
vegetation, the destruction of soil, subsoil fires, among others. The objective is to analyze the

socio-environmental impacts in six communities around the Serra do Piriá in which they were
directly affected by anthropic activities (mining, livestock, extractivism) and their consequences
related to the appropriation of natural resources by communities. The methodology is based on
the assumptions of environmental analysis with a view to the Geoecology of Landscapes to
analyze the socio-environmental impacts that together with renowned authors will serve as a
framework for the understanding of socio-environmental phenomena. Anthropogenic activities
can lead to the risk of these landscapes disappearing, in which the deepening of studies is
necessary, being essential that they are conserved and/or preserved.

O objetivo do estudo é analisar a concepção de universidade que vem sendo implementada no século XXI a partir da gestão e do movimento sindical dos e das docentes da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) nas duas primeiras décadas dos anos 2000. Este período marca uma conjuntura complexa, caracterizada pelas consequências da reestruturação produtiva do capital que impactou as estruturas educacionais e sindicais, com fins de adequar os trabalhadores ao processo sociometabólico do ideário neoliberal pela incorporação dos preceitos mercantis para a vida humana. Parte-se da hipótese que mediante as disputas de projetos de classes os docentes universitários têm sido levados a incorporarem os preceitos neoliberais que os imputam práticas sociais sintonizadas aos aspectos do individualismo, do produtivismo e da competitividade. O que reflete de forma significativa e determinante na sua atuação político-sindical já que eles ingressaram na universidade em meio à conjuntura de desmonte da educação superior pública, precarização das condições de trabalho e da desvalorização do magistério, conjuntura que o limitam a compreender processo de contrarreforma da educação superior, seu papel protagonista diante da conjuntura de privatização da universidade pública, de criminalização e cooptação dos sindicatos, e dos limites político-ideológicos impostos aos trabalhadores dos dias atuais. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa o método adotado é baseado nas categorias da totalidade, mediação e contradição da teoria social marxiana que deverão ser articuladas às abstrações empíricas do objeto de estudo. O problema da tese é: qual a percepção de universidade e de movimento sindical dos docentes da UFPA admitidos no período de 2007 a 2020? A busca por resposta se deu em dois momentos: o primeiro, pela aplicação de formulário com questões que traçam o perfil da população de docentes da UFPA. E o segundo,pela realização de entrevistas semiestruturada em dois dos eixos temáticos: Concepção de universidade; Função social do professor do ensino superior; de Movimento sindical docente.

In Brazil, the first decade of the 21st century was a time of debates, construction, institutionalization, implementation, and implementation of a structured public policy for culture in a systemic and participatory manner. Mechanisms and management tools for this policy were designed to guarantee and strengthen democracy, cultural diversity, and intercultural dialogue. Through the National Culture Plan (PNC) and the configuration of the National Culture System (SNC), a broad and complex management architecture was structured, which has as an instrument for generating data and information for the production of cultural cartography the National System of Cultural Information and Indicators (SNIIC). In this work, our objective was to analyze the production of data and cultural information in the cultural cartography generated by Brazil's public culture policy, its contribution, and its limits to processes that reveal a geographical dimension in/of the diversity of Brazilian cultural manifestations. Following a path where different notions and concepts such as culture, public policies, cartography, and territory intersect, we chose to work with an applied methodology of qualitative nature, producing methodological experiments for cultural cartography processes that directly contribute to the construction of public culture policy and enabling geographical analysis. We found that Brazil's territorial diversity and its "opaque territories," become obstacles to the full realization of this policy.

Keywords: Geography and Culture; Cultural Data and Information; Cultural Cartography; Public Culture Policy.

A presente tese se debruça sobre as relações complexas e dinâmicas emergentes entre o espaço rural e urbano nos municípios de Santa Izabel do Pará e Santo Antônio do Tauá. A análise em questão é sustentada por uma compreensão que procurou se aprofundar na influência da dispersão metropolitana sobre esses territórios, onde as intrincadas dinâmicas territoriais e culturais desempenham um papel fundamental, evidenciando-se através das transformações do uso da terra em ambientes considerados rurais. O epicentro dessa pesquisa reside na proposição intrínseca de que as metamorfoses nas interfaces rural e urbanas estão incitando uma reconfiguração econômica substancial no âmbito do uso da terra dessas localidades. Nos locais onde as estruturas urbanas estão mais presentes, emerge a figura das Áreas de Periurbanização (APs), ao passo que nos espaços rurais mais remotos florescem, o que denominamos de Dinâmicas de um Novo Rural (DNRs). Estas manifestações empíricas contrariam a premissa tradicional que sugere que a disseminação urbana resulta na absorção completa do rural. As DNRs denotam um determinado padrão de uso da terra, concomitantemente a alterações no perfil produtivo tradicional do rural local, originando-se em uma complexa e híbrida intercessão entre o rural e o urbano. Para embasar essa abordagem, este estudo explora fundamentos conceituais sobre a interface entre campo e cidade conhecida como Periurbano e, finalmente, a conceituação do Novo Rural, tendo como uma importante delimitação a Região Imediata de Belém. Em síntese, esta investigação tem como desígnio primordial evidenciar que o contexto rural nesta parcela do estado do Pará está passando por transformações profundas em sua estrutura tradicional, engendrando novas configurações nas relações campo-cidade. Nesse ínterim, emerge a gestão pública municipal como um elemento de magnitude indispensável à compreensão dos conceitos de rural e urbano, bem como para a instrução de políticas de desenvolvimento, a exemplo dos territórios municipais sob investigação. Destarte, a conclusão inarredável é que o reconhecimento lúcido e abalizado da reorganização e ressignificação do rural torna-se um imperativo crucial para uma governança eficaz e contextualmente pertinente a tais dinâmicas territoriais. Nesse contexto, emerge a necessidade premente de uma abordagem mais abrangente e sistemática voltada a enfrentar os desafios latentes e capitalizar as oportunidades emergentes inerentes a essas novas relações entre o rural e o urbano no contexto municipal.

A diversidade de incentivos em polÌticas p ̇blicas e a sobreposiÁ„o de grandes
projetos de desenvolvimento na AmazÙnia, a tornaram uma regi„o complexa,
influenciando diretamente as transformaÁıes da paisagem e sua din‚mica
geoambiental. A ·rea de estudo desta pesquisa compreende a bacia hidrogr·fica do

rio Ituna (BHRI), localizada nos municÌpios de Altamira-PA e Senador JosÈ PorfÌrio-
PA, atualmente constituÌda por seis unidades fundi·rias, entre projetos de

assentamento e terra indÌgena, criadas sob diferentes contextos. AlÈm disso, a ·rea
est· sob influÍncia de grandes projetos como a UHE Belo Monte e a especulaÁ„o de
implantaÁ„o do Projeto Volta Grande (Belo Sun) de exploraÁ„o miner·ria. Diante
desses fatores, a pesquisa analisou a din‚mica geoambiental e as transformaÁıes
da paisagem da BHRI, atravÈs das alteraÁıes do uso e cobertura da terra, durante
36 anos, considerando o contexto de polÌticas p ̇blicas de incentivo para as formas
de uso da terra (polÌticas fundi·rias e agrÌcolas/agropecu·rias), assim como a
inserÁ„o e especulaÁ„o de grandes projetos em sua zona de influÍncia. Os resultados
apontam para modificaÁıes significativas em uma escala multitemporal, onde em
2022 a Agropecu·ria representava 60.829,59 hectares (38,67%) e FormaÁ„o
Florestal 95.879,32 hectares (60,96%) da BHRI, sendo importante ressaltar que
desse total de FormaÁ„o Florestal, 17.464,9533 hectares est„o localizados na TI
Koatinemo. Os dados confirmam um aumento substancial da expans„o da agricultura
e pecu·ria sobre a floresta da BHRI. O estudo evidencia ainda, a conservaÁ„o da
floresta na TI Koatinemo quando comparada aos projetos de assentamento. O estudo
reforÁa a complexidade da criaÁ„o e execuÁ„o de polÌticas desenvolvimentistas para
AmazÙnia e como as aÁıes dos seres humanos afetam constantemente a paisagem.

A agricultura e a pecuária na Amazônia tem sido alvo de muitas críticas nos últimos quarenta anos, pois são apontadas como as principais responsáveis pelos desmatamentos e queimadas. No entanto, existem tecnologias atuais que possibilitam uma agricultura mais sustentável, que concilia a oferta de matéria-prima e a geração de renda com a conservação e a preservação da Amazônia, sem a necessidade de abrir novas áreas. Ainda que as atividades agropecuárias tenham se intensificado com a construção da Rodovia Transamazônica, no começo dos anos 1970, e Pacajá tenha se tornado um município somente no ano de 1988, o modelo de produção de gado não mudou muito, permanecendo de forma extensiva. Assim, a demanda por novas pastagens continuou ano após ano, colocando o município em uma situação de quase insustentabilidade e sob a pressão de políticas de controle do desmatamento, como por exemplo as ações do arco do fogo, iniciadas no começo dos anos 2010. Para compreender a formação do espaço agrário em Pacajá, é necessário esclarecer alguns pontos, pois se nota que há um processo de produção do espaço agrário no município provocado pelo Estado e outros agentes, por meio de políticas públicas que impuseram sistemas produtivos que exigem alta intensidade de trabalho, pouco capital investido e que usam baixo nível técnico e tecnológico. Esses sistemas produtivos que se repetiram ao longo das últimas décadas, é necessário entender se os sistemas de produção tiveram avanços técnicos ao longo do tempo e qual o impacto que esses processos causaram sobre a produção do espaço agrário do município. A partir da análise dos fatores históricos ocorridos desde a abertura da Rodovia Transamazônica, abordando desde o projeto de colonização da região, passando pelas políticas públicas de crédito e de assentamentos rurais, o presente trabalho se propõe a descrever o meio natural compreender como os sistemas de produção se consolidaram, identificando os conjuntos de práticas produtivas utilizadas por produtores rurais. Após a tipificação dos produtores, o detalhamento de suas trajetórias, seus sistemas de produção e suas práticas agropecuárias, chegou-se à conclusão de que houve baixa incremento técnico ao longo dos anos nos sistemas de produção e o impacto na produção de um espaço desordenado é significativo.

The study of coastal environments is crucial for public management, since a large part
of the Brazilian population occupies areas near to the coast. Brazil has a large coastal
zone, but demographic pressure and urbanization affect its landscape. In the state of
Pará, a law was created for coastal management, which promotes decentralized
management and planning for the effective implementation of these policies. The city
of Salinópolis, especially Atalaia Island, suffers from coastal erosion, garbage,
untreated sewage, groundwater contamination, mangrove reduction, land conflicts,
and irregular occupations due to uncontrolled urbanization. Given this scenario, it is
essential to conduct studies on coastal vulnerability to erosion in order to understand
the local dynamics and subsidize management actions. In this research, with the aid
of Digital Shoreline Analysis, a multitemporal evaluation (20 years) of the variation of
the coastline in the extension of the edge of the island of Atalaia was carried out from
Landsat satellite images. The average linear retreat from 2002 to 2022 was 84.80 m,
while the linear advance was 230.54 m. The areas under erosion represent 21.81%
and, these places are more exposed to the ocean and where urbanization
consolidates in a disorderly way, since the depositional tendency of sediments on the
coastline is derived from the high sediment load brought by the estuaries that cut the
area .

Não informado.

A dissertação explora o processo de construção dos territórios impactados por hidrelétricas, especialmente na região amazônica, onde a exploração dos corpos e os atravessamentos causados pela concepção de desenvolvimento dos grandes projetos afetam dinâmicas ambientais e sociais. Na Amazônia, esse processo é ainda mais complexo devido à extensão e diversidade de paisagens e populações diretamente dependentes. O modelo energético, discutido na Geografia e quanto a seu real impacto, levanta problemáticas como deslocamentos compulsórios, compensações injustas e questões hídricas causadas por mudanças nos fluxos e vasões dos rios. Além das questões territoriais e espaciais, as transversalidades sociais são evidentes, embora muitas vezes invisibilizadas pela estrutura patriarcal presente nos espaços de debate. Assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os reflexos dos impactos causados pela UHE Tucuruí sobre as mulheres no Baixo Tocantins, especialmente na comunidade ribeirinha de Paruru do Meio, e analisar a reprodução de poder do Capital, bem como os desafios e formas de resistência das mulheres na defesa dos corpos territórios. A pesquisa examina as questões fisiográficas e sociais das ilhas do Baixo Tocantins, bem como a participação das mulheres nesta realidade. Identifica-se a percepção das mulheres atingidas, as influências nas jornadas de trabalho doméstico e como essas demandas são levantadas na participação política feminina na defesa do Território. O percurso metodológico adotado inclui análise bibliográfica, trabalho de campo, participação em reuniões de lideranças comunitárias, aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos e entrevistas semiestruturadas, além da elaboração de mapas e gráficos. Conclui-se que existe uma diferenciação estrutural de gênero na construção do território estudado, influenciando os impactos ambientais e dimensões corporais. Destaca-se a importância do protagonismo feminino na defesa dos territórios como um movimento de enfrentamento direto ao grande capital, em prol da dignidade das comunidades e famílias afetadas.

A tese tem como objetivo analisar o processo do trabalho uberizado no espaço metropolitano de Belém a partir dos anos de 2000, buscando refletir sobre transformações no contexto do mundo do trabalho na dimensão espaço-tempo, onde tanto a cidade e suas dinâmicas sociais, processos espaciais e realizações do território pelo seu uso, conjuntamente e através de afeições indissociáveis, estabeleceram interposições ao advento do modo de capitalista de produção, que possibilitaram tessituras que exteriorizaram o espaço metropolitano, espaço este que passa a constituir complexas relações à sua fase mais hegemônica e subordinadora na condição de exploração (neoliberalismo e globalização), assim como, sua consolidação e expansão vilipendiadora dos direitos e garantias sociais, que passam a se exteriorizar nos processos espaciais, através de vetores onde as feições de centro e centralidade, realizam-se através de formas mais precárias do trabalho, que passam a ser processadas no e pelos processos espaciais, materializados na desrealização do trabalho. Defendemos a tese de que a nova condição do trabalho uberizado dos motoentregadores de delivery no espaço metropolitano de Belém, enquanto expressão dos novos nexos da globalização neoliberal, marcados por intensa precarização da mão de obra, vem contribuindo para o aprofundamento de diferenciações, desigualdades socioespaciais e para o processo de subsunção e privação dos direitos sociais básicos do trabalhador, constituindo-se enquanto negação do direito ao trabalho digno e ao exercício de sua cidadania. A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida promoveu levantamento e análise bibliográfica, levantamento e análise documental, aplicação de formulários, observações sistemáticas qualitativas, produção cartográfica, registros fotográficos, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com trabalhadores moto-entregadores de delivery. A relevância da tese está relacionada a necessidade de se evidenciar as novas condições de trabalho uberizado no espaço metropolitano de Belém, na segunda década do século XXI, face ao processo de metropolização, reestruturação urbana e da cidade, e suas expressões nas paisagens urbanas, nas condições de exclusão social, desemprego, precarização e informalidade, assim como, seus desdobramentos inerentes à exploração do trabalho em um mundo marcado pelo fortalecimento do neoliberalismo e por intensa globalização fragmentária.

The municipality of São João da Ponta-PA, located in the immediate region of Castanhal,
according to the new official regionalization (IBGE 2017), has a population of 6059
inhabitants according to the official estimate of the IBGE for the year 2018. It has its source
income linked mainly to activities of the primary sector of the economy (extractivism,
agriculture and livestock). São João da Ponta is bathed by the Mocajuba river basin, where
the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve was created (PINEDO; PIMENTEL, 2021). . This
research seeks to investigate an important local socio-technical innovation, which
synthesizes territorial knowledge and local knowledge. This is the snare technique that
consists of making a trap made with sticks and lines and set at the exit of the crab's burrow
or gallery. In accordance with Interministerial Normative Instruction No. 9, of December 30,
2014 (Official Federal Gazette, section 1, p. 81, Jan. 02, 2015). Only two ways of extracting
uçá crab (Ucides cordatus Linnaeus, 1763). They were allowed in Brazil. They were the
techniques of the arm and the hook. However, the social organization of crab extractive users
registered in the São João da Ponta RESEX. They filed a Conduct Adjustment Term (TAC)
with the Federal Public Ministry. Requesting authorization for the use of the loop technique,
which was accepted after confirmation by the communities that use the RESEX, of its
efficiency and sustainability. Once the request was accepted, the Conduct Adjustment Term between the MPF, ICMBIO and users of the São João da Ponta RESEX was signed on
August 8, 2018 (MPF, 2018). The general objective of this research is to investigate the
intercultural dialogue between the cultural knowledge reproduced by the communities of
São João da Ponta and the normative scientific knowledge carried by the State and its
managing apparatus, ICMBIO, for the recognition of the technique of the tie as a sustainable
practice in uçá crab capture. In this way, this research is justified in an attempt to understand
and explain the trajectory of legalization and development of the noose technique within the
RESEX - Marinha de São João da Ponta. As a form of social and sustainable technology to
be better known and adopted in other crab producing areas inside and outside the RESEX of
São João da Ponta. As well as analyzing the main socio-environmental implications relevant
to the production of the Amazonian geographic space in the municipality of São João da
Ponta.
KEYWORDS: São João da Ponta; Lace Technique; Sociotechnical.

The Amazon is a place where there are intense struggles for the rights of populations in
cities, countryside, waters and forests. At the root of these struggles is the way in which
governments and hegemonic capital see the Amazon: a provider of wealth for Brazil and
the world, based on its landscape converted into resources. Faced with these practices, the
populations that live in this biome have become subjects outside the government's order of
priority. In view of this, it is left to family farmers, indigenous peoples, fishermen,
quilombolas, extractivists, riverside dwellers, residents of the outskirts of cities and towns,
to express their opposition to this rationality that excludes them. This study was carried out
in the southwest region of Pará, between the municipalities of Pacaja and Rurópolis along
the Transamazônica and through the Xingu from Vitória do Xingu to Porto de Moz. The
objective is to analyze the actions of the Movimento Pela Sobrevivência na
Transamazônica (MPST), currently Fundação Viver, Produzir e Preservar (FVPP),
identifying the relevance of the role played by it in improving the lives of the populations
and the changes in the territory of the Transamazônica and Xingu. The study begins with
recording the voices of migrants who came to this region before, during and after the
Integrated Colonization Project (PIC). The goal is to identify the reasons for migrating,
how was the arrival in the new land, the participation and formation of social movements
and the challenges of the relationship with the federal government. We also analyzed the
trajectory of the MPST, which emerged in 1990, initially formed by these migrants and the
support of the Catholic Church, from the Base Ecclesiastical Communities. The basic
category of this study is the geographic space as defined by Milton Santos: a hybrid
qualified by the subject. In the dominant space, constrained by capital, migrants and their
supporters, based on their struggles, produced their counterspace, according to Ruy
Moreira. They denounced, built collective propositions and provoked changes in the
current formation of the territory of the Transamazônica and Xingu. For a better
understanding of the formation and unfolding of these counterspaces, we focused on three
important struggle flags for the movements: Land and environmental issues, agricultural
credit and education. The last part of the work outlines an overview of current social
movements in this region. Who they are and what challenges they face. The results of this
study demonstrate that the MPST with its collective and regionalized mobilizations
produced a counterspace within the hegemonic order of the PIC, guaranteeing voice and
rights for the populations. Their practices lasted and influenced the emergence of other
movements.

Keywords: Social movements; Geographic space; Counterspace; Transamazônica and
Xingu.

The natural landscapes of the island of Marajó are sources of exceptional environmental resources in the Amazon biome, as well as revealing the contrast between ecologies, landscapes and multiple social uses of occupation. The features of the relief modeling on the island have physical traits that obey the influences of the regional morphodynamic process, the climatic conditions inherent in the fluvial and marine environmental dynamics, as well as a mosaic of soils and vegetational typologies that favor distinct environmental characteristics. From this perspective, the aim of the research was to identify and describe the bioclimatic domains, based on the ecodynamic regimes for the island of Marajó, taking into account the exceptional landscapes. In view of the above, the following hypotheses were formulated: the island of Marajó is made up of bioclimatic domains and landscapes of exception that coexist and co-evolve with the physical-natural peculiarities of the Amazon region; landscapes of exception are established in response to the process of exhaustion and natural regression of the Amazonian insular coast, due to the process of territorial occupation on the natural and geographical conditions of the island of Marajó. The research fits into the context of geo-environmental discussion, based on an inductive and integrative approach to physical-natural and social conditions, where through the use of techniques such as: bibliographic and geocartographic data collection; classification of data and bases at orbital levels, use of geospatial data on a refined scale for the acquisition of climatic data, elaboration of indicators of the socioenvironmental vulnerability of the municipalities, it was possible to measure the bioclimatic domains and landscapes of exception, from the perspective of the composition of the landscape on the island of Marajó. The results of the research revealed the presence of two Bioclimatic Domains that give the region different landscape conditions, as well as granting and reaffirming the popular proposition "Marajó between Forests and Fields". However, the presence of exceptional landscapes was observed, with emphasis on areas of savannah formation, which are intertwined with transitional areas of forests and floodplains on the island. In the course of the analysis, we observed the occurrence of increasingly frequent extremes of rainfall, with greater variations between maximum and minimum values due to climate change and the intensification of vulnerability patterns. In addition, periods of water surplus were recorded, between 7 and 9 months, a factor that produces good environmental conditions in the island's landscape, but water standstill alternated between 2 and 5 months, causing local changes in the environment. The research proved to be relevant and pertinent to understanding the bioclimatic dynamics operating on the island of Marajó, as it is unprecedented. As such, the information and data on bioclimatic issues discussed in this thesis is crucial for understanding local nature, biodiversity and socio-environmental interactions, as well as acting as a basic tool for the conservation and sustainable management of exceptional landscapes, environments that have been severely damaged by anthropogenic action. Another factor of equal relevance to the research is the monitoring of climate change over time, in order to provide up-todate bases and insights into climate change, especially in the natural environments of the island of Marajó.

Keywords: Bioclimatic Domain. Marajó. Exceptional landscape. Ecodynamic regimes. Amazonia.

Keywords: Urban space. Real estate expansion. Residential condominiums.

Brazil has a large extension of an extremely heterogeneous coastal zone, rich in uses,
occupations and quite complex territorialities. In this sense, the study area chosen for this
research was Caratateua Island, popularly known as Outeiro Island, in Belém do Pará.
The history of the occupation of the island was marked by several historical periods that,
consequently, generated various types of uses and occupations, not only in its interior,
but mainly in its edges. In view of this, the general objective of this research is to analyze
the processes of private occupation and the different uses given to the soil on the edge of
Ilha de Caratateua, highlighting the differentiation, accessibility and the need and
challenges for territorial reorganization. It has the following specific objectives: to
identify, based on the historical-geographical aspect, the access problems arising from
the use and occupation of private land of public heritage; identify the actors responsible
for the management (or lack of management) of the areas delimited in the study area;
carry out a survey of the current state of the Projeto Orla in Belém and its perspectives
based on the State Plan for Coastal Management; in addition to identifying whether there
is, in any way, the execution of a territorial organization in the area in order to propose a
perspective of planning of use in order to enhance accessibility. In order to achieve the
objectives of this project, the following methodological path was adopted: Initially, the
first stage consisted of a bibliographical survey about the discussions on the concepts and
categories used as a basis for the research: territory and territoriality, the public and the
private and territorial planning, as well as applied to carry out a survey on the historical
course of occupation of the Island of Caratateua. The second stage consisted of a
documentary research work. In a third moment, a mapping of the study area was carried
out from the year 1985 to the year 2020, which served as a basis for analyzing the use and
territorial occupation of the edge of the island of Caratateua. The fourth included a field
visit to the study area, at which time photographic records were taken in order to confirm
the data collected from the mapping carried out. Finally, there was an analysis of all the
data collected, either by mapping or by notes and empirical observations made in the
field. There was a reflection on a proposal for territorial ordering, reaching another part
of the fourth proposed specific objective. It was verified that the process of production
and reproduction of the occupation of the Island of Caratateua shows the contradiction of
the occupation of its territory due to the absence of an effective territorial planning. They
are characterized by a private occupation culminating in a process of restricting collective
access to spaces considered public. Therefore, this work pointed to the need for territorial
organization of the Island of Caratateua, in order to value a more adequate use of its edges,
aiming at the accessibility of the community.

Keywords: Urban borders, Use and occupation, Territorial planning, Caratateua Island

The city of Marabá is located in the Amazon region, in the southeastern mesoregion of Pará
and in the homonymous microregion. It is historically affected by the phenomenon of flooding.
Every year, in the wettest period (January to March), the population residing in susceptible
areas is vulnerable to the natural event. In this sense, this dissertation aims to identify and
analyze the risk of natural disaster from the flooding of the Tocantins and Itacaiúnas rivers in
the city of Marabá. Disaster risk is understood as the product of threat, exposure and
vulnerability. The susceptibility analysis was based on a methodology that aggregates the
following variables: the alert quota, susceptibility map of the flood occurrence areas, Digital
Elevation Model (MDE) and analysis of the slope of the study area. After surveying the data
and crossing the analyzed variables, the results obtained show that in the urban perimeter of
Marabá we can find three areas susceptible to the threat of flooding. High susceptibility areas
cover approximately 41,083 km2 and represent 9.41% of the urban perimeter of Marabá. The
areas of medium susceptibility to flooding are areas subject to flooding due to their gently
undulating shape with a slope of 3 to 8% in relation to the plain. Its area corresponds to
approximately 3,691 km2 and represents about 5.49% of the urban perimeter of Marabá. The
areas of low susceptibility to flooding are places with higher topography, not being affected by
flooding. These areas have a slope that varies from 8 to 20% of the relief. They correspond to
85.18% of the urban perimeter of Marabá, that is, 257.341 km2. For the exposure analysis, we
took into account the mapping of exposed built units (houses, businesses, restaurants, bars,
workshops, stores) located below the 82m alert level. For this mapping, we used a Cbers 4A
image with 2m of spatial resolution and field work. The results show that 6583 built units are
exposed to the threat of flooding in Marabá, 220 in the São Félix nucleus, 1527 in the Nova
Marabá nucleus, 2684 in the Marabá Pioneira nucleus and 2152 in the Cidade Nova nucleus.
Vulnerability was calculated based on the construction and application of the social
vulnerability index (IVS), which included data from the 2010 IBGE demographic census on
absolute population and income by census sector. After applying the variables, it was found
that, of the 265 census sectors, 61 had low social vulnerability, 41 had medium vulnerability
and 163 had high social vulnerability. In the risk analysis, threat and vulnerability data were
integrated at three levels: low, medium and high. The results obtained show that 41,596 km2 or
13.76% are in high risk areas, medium risk areas are equivalent to 199,666 km2 and correspond
to 66.08% of the urban area and low risk areas add up to 1,173 km2 and correspond to a
percentage of 0.38% of the urban perimeter. The result of disaster risk corresponds to 42,651
km2, that is, 14.11% of the area has a high risk of disaster, 3,691 km2 or 1.22% of the area at
medium risk of disaster and 196,093 km2, which corresponds to 64, 90% at low disaster risk.
The results obtained in the research are of great importance in the sense of helping the public
power in the implementation of mitigation policies that make it possible to minimize losses and
damages caused by flooding in the vulnerable population. On the other hand, including this
theme in the participatory master plan of the Municipality of Marabá is important to subsidize
the municipal civil defense in taking actions in the face of the phenomenon.
KEYWORDS: Tocantins and Itacaiúnas Rivers; Exposure; Social vulnerability; Built units;
Risk.

Approaches concerning fishing territories in geographic science, in the current context, have become an increasingly profitable discussion given the relevance and complexity through which the most distinct social subjects produce their territorialities. However, even though these territories are of enormous importance for the development of artisanal fishing, they are constantly invisible and deprived of economic and social value when compared to other productive forms, such as the generation of electricity. In this sense, with the aim of reflecting on fishing territories in the mid-Araguari region, in the context of the implementation of hydroelectric projects, we sought to analyze, based on the artisanal fishermen of Ferreira Gomes and Porto Grande, the changes and permanence of fishing territorialities in the artificial lakes of the Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão hydroelectric plants. To this end, the methodological procedures adopted, involved the collection of primary and secondary data, obtained both through observations, photographic records and interviews in locus, as well as through bibliographic research. Thus, by constituting an activity developed in an indivisible environment and with multiple interests among subjects with dissymmetric forces, artisanal fishing practiced by the fishermen of Ferreira Gomes and Porto Grande is an activity of economic and social relevance to local fishing families, who unanimously state that fishing is an essential source for the reproduction of the family group, especially for those who live in the municipal headquarters. Moreover, they are also categorical in affirming that the hydroelectric projects implemented in the Araguari river have promoted significant changes with regard to the fishing catch and fishing territories, especially those located in the areas adjacent to the projects, showing that they are works with various negative effects. In the process of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, new disputes and pressures on socially occupied or unavailable territories have come under greater pressure, making the delimitation and recognition of the fishing territories still existing in the Araguari medium a matter of great urgency and relevance

The present work substantiates research carried out within the scope of the so-called human geography, specifically, political geography, composing an investigation around the territorial dynamics of cocaine trafficking in the Metropolitan Region of Belém-PA. The study of these territorial dynamics, in turn, despite the differences between locations and their multiscalar relationships, can contribute to the extraction of potentially universalizable results to other contexts, contributing scientifically and pragmatically to the treatment of drug trafficking. And, faced with a framework of practical contradictions evidenced by science and experience, the following research problem was adopted: what is the role played by the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará, in face of the territorial networks of cocaine trafficking? The study was based on the hypothesis that the Metropolitan Region of Belém would play the role of the final regional consumer market for narcotics, as well as a point of influx of profits from regional territorial agents of trafficking. Methodology: the study adopted the hermeneutic and dialectical method as its research route, which made use of the application of quantitative and qualitative approaches applied in constant data triangulation. The analysis began with a literary review of works published between 2018 and 2021, according to specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, subject, therefore, to a content analysis process. Next, the analysis of data resulting from the occurrence records of drug trafficking in the State of Pará was carried out, specifically, related to cocaine seizures, allowing the extraction of indexes analyzed using descriptive statistical and of spatial statistical techniques. These data were analyzed in the light of cross-sectional techniques advocated by the study, especially regarding the outliers found. Finally, a qualitative research was carried out, through interviews directed at public security macro-agents and researchers with knowledge on the subject, equally subject to triangulation through transversal techniques. The data were analyzed continuously, in order to reveal the final conclusions. Results: the presence of cocaine (and by-products) was found to be sold in most of the neighborhoods of the cities comprising the RMB, which led to the conclusion that the region comprised a consolidated consumer market. In addition, the role of the RMB as a node in the international traffic network territories was confirmed, so that it was denoted as: a) a region that would serve as a secondary route for any shipments that, for whatever reason, were unable to embark through the Port of Vila do Conde, in Barcarena-PA; b) a region that would easily absorb eventual cocaine residues; and c) a privileged platform for shipments of cocaine to other regions of the country. Consolidating conclusions beyond the initial hypothesis, we have that the RMB represents an important hub for the coordination of trafficking, as well as a financial hub for illicit activity, which would occur due to the concentration of material, financial, service and communication structures. That impose themselves in a hierarchical and functional way over those existing in other regions and cities. In addition, the study provided various information placed as proposals for practical intervention and as suggestions for continuing the analysis.

In this work entitled QUILOMBOLS, GREAT ENTERPRISES AND POWER IN THE
AMAZON: TERRITORIAL TENSIONS EXPERIENCED IN BAIXO TOCANTINS (PA), I
support the thesis that there are territorial tensions between the quilombola peoples and the
large enterprises located in Baixo Tocantins (PA). The assumption adopted is that after the
outbreak of Operation Amazonia in 1966, the Brazilian State focused its interests in a special
way on this territorial fragment, which became the target of diverse and distinct development
paradigms, leading to a series of transformations that reached in filled not only with local
populations and here, I highlight the quilombola peoples, but also with the dynamics of nature.
The general objective is to build a geographical reflection on the territorial tensions produced
in the encounter between the large enterprises and the quilombola peoples in Baixo Tocantins,
for that, I observe the territorial dynamics in the municipality of Baião, one of eleven in the
Tocantins region. The justification for the choice is related to the relevance of their territorial
experiences for the proposed research. The analytical category that underlies this reflection is
the used territory. From the methodological point of view, I adopt two complementary
procedures: an analytical methodology based on the concepts of periodization and event that
led me to think of two distinct times, time 1 (T1), prior to the arrival of the event, which I signal
here as the insertion of the large undertakings in the region and, time 2 (T2), situation after the
implementation of the undertakings; an operational methodology that includes a bibliographical
review, structured and semi-structured interviews and field work. The results confirm the thesis
that there are territorial tensions between quilombolas and large enterprises, however, these
tensions are not always accompanied by conflicts and territorial disputes, since there are subtle
forms of exercise of power, in and over the territory, capable of triggering symbolic
mechanisms, promoting a symbolic violence that makes believe and see.

This study analyzes the Festa de São Benedito in the city of Bragança, state of Pará. It is one of
the events of greatest cultural and religious expression in the Northeast Paraense region. Saint
Benedict is the saint considered to be the patron Saint and has an expressive representativity in
Bragança. The problematic of this study involves the investigation of the territoriality of the
festival, as well as the action of the agents of patrimonialization and tourism in the Festa de São
Benedito in Bragança, Pará. The problem-questions of this research are the following: How did
the process of constitution of the Feast of Saint Benedict in the territory of Bragança occur?
How can the Festa de São Benedito be identified as a cultural heritage and an element of cultural
resistance in Bragança? How do the processes of patrimonialization occur in the Feast of Saint
Benedict in Bragança and what are the implications and conflicts among the agents? Are there
elements that identify a process of tourism of the Feast of Saint Benedict in Bragança? The
general objective of this research is to analyze the territory of Bragança based on territoriality,
the processes of heritage and tourism of the Festa de São Benedito, as well as its issues and
conflicts. Such purpose is subdivided into the following specific objectives: To understand the
process of constitution of the Feast of Saint Benedict in Bragança; To identify how the Feast of
Saint Benedict can be a cultural heritage of the place and an element of cultural resistance in
the city of Bragança. To understand the processes and agents linked to the heritage of the Festa
de São Benedito and the implications and conflicts between them in the Bragantine territory;
To analyze the specificities of the tourism process in Bragança, especially during the Festa de
São Benedito in Bragança. In order to reach the proposed objectives, bibliographic and
documental research and analysis were carried out, as well as semi-structured interviews, in
loco observations and the application of surveys. Through this research it was possible to
identify that the process of constitution of the Festa de São Benedito occurred with popular
participation, but that it was also marked by conflicts between the Church and the civil
brotherhood of the Marujada, a situation that lasted until the mid-1980s. It was also found that
the Festa de São Benedito is an element of cultural resistance in the city of Bragança, for
through its religious and cultural rituals it has resisted throughout more than 200 years of
history. The heritage and tourism processes were analyzed in this research, not as established
processes, but it was possible to identify elements and agents who take part in

Parauapebas, traditionally portrayed in studies of Urban and Regional Geography as a support center for mining and mobile and multipurpose labor, with verticalities restricted to mining and characterized by activities of the lower circuit of the urban economy with dynamics of low technical and informational density in the center of “spontaneous” formation, can it be qualified, nowadays, as an average Amazonian city? The thesis presented is that Parauapebas has expanded its command capacity and enjoys a new position in the urban and regional dynamics, comprising a diversity of public and private services of sub-regional reach, starting to intermediate and command flows in its Immediate Geographic Region. In this way, the work examines Parauapebas from the point of view of the articulation between two sets of dynamics and processes that are distinct, but complementary to each other: the restructuring of the city, which takes place on an intra-urban scale, and the urban restructuring, which considers its new roles in the urban network. . Through the dialectic method, it carries out a qualitative and quantitative research, with a bibliographic survey, associated with documentary research with analysis of primary data, field work, photographic surveys, structured interviews and open questionnaires, in addition to the analysis of multitemporal images from the Landsat-TM sensor as which recognize the advancement of the municipal urban fabric and the new uses of the territory. Finally, despite confirming the fact that mining remains the flagship of its socioeconomic structure, the study demonstrates the progress of other social, political and economic dynamics responsible for the expansion of commercial activity, public management, the provision of advanced services in the areas of health and higher education that show their polarization in the face of the sub-regional set in which they are inserted and are responsible for the emergence of new intra-urban dynamics with repercussions on the inter-urban structure.

In order to contribute to the studies on the effectiveness of geography teaching-learning processes in the development of youth critical thinking, this work introduces an analysis of the criticality of young students, segregated in the context of the implementation of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant in Altamira/PA, between 2009 and 2021. To this end, three axes constitute the basis of this work’s analytical strategy: an account of some common impacts from large Brazilian hydroelectric projects in comparison to the transformations that occurred in the municipality of Altamira due to the construction of such hydroelectric plant; the characterization of compulsorily displaced communities, especially children and adolescents, considering conceptions and experiences by public high school students and, finally, these students’ positionings regarding the cause-andeffect relationships between the plant, the different powers, interests, and ideologies that advanced it, as well as its originating circumstances. For this purpose, the methodological path is dialectic with the aid of phenomenology and discourse analysis applied mainly to data resulting from interviews with such social actors. Among the results obtained, this work argues that the curricular component of Geography in public high schools has played an almost entirely irrelevant contribution to the formation of critical thinking of these students and, consequently, to the misunderstanding of their own realities.

O Mercado Imobiliário tem se constituído de forma predominante a partir da materialização de condomínios habitacionais de alto padrão nas últimas duas décadas. Apresentando novos modos de exploração da terra enquanto mercadoria e uma nova forma de morar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a intensificação da produção do urbano na Metrópole a partir da construção de grandes empreendimentos imobiliários habitacionais. A importância do estudo consiste em fazer uma discussão sobre as transformações socioespaciais ocorridas com a intensificação da produção imobiliária na área da Avenida Pedro Álvares Cabral, cidade de Belém-PA. Também investigando as mudanças no que diz respeito à produção e demanda do setor imobiliário bem como a caracterização de condomínios que se relaciona a valores culturais, simbólicos e sociais, a partir da atuação do Mercado Imobiliário no processo da produção do espaço urbano. Dessa maneira, foram analisadas as formas que o mercado. imobiliário utiliza para expandir seus grandes empreendimentos habitacionais e a (re) produção do capital imobiliário em Belém, buscando compreender as articulações feitas por tais agentes imobiliárias. Foram verificados os condomínios habitacionais materializados na Avenida Pedro Álvares Cabral nos anos 1990 e, sobretudo os condomínios estabelecidos nos anos 2000.

The research focus on to present the territorial dynamics of the Galibi Kali'na people, mainly
with regard to Brazil's territorialization. The Kali'na are a native people, whose origin space is
starting from Venezuela to French Guiana and, in July 1950, when moving through the Guiana
Plateau, in the French Guiana area, they rebuilt their life on the right banks of the Oiapoque
river, in the state of Amapá – Brazil. The absence of a geographical point of view of the Kali'na's
process in Brazil prompted us to propose a thesis, considering that it is an unknown subject in
the academic universe of Geographic Science, since the research did not only address issues
related to an Indigenous Territory, but to an autochthonous group that made migration with
international negotiations. We ask ourselves how the process of occupation and installation of
this group in Brazil took place, since this territory was not part of their displacement route?
What political and institutional articulations were necessary to move for the demarcation of the
Galibi Indigenous Land? Why was this specific Indigenous Land in the Oiapoque region the
first to be homologated? What elements defined the demarcated area? What factors interfered
in the population dynamics of Galibi's Indigenous Land? What is sustained in terms of thesis is
that the territorial dynamics of Kali'na, considering their experiences in French Guiana and its
installation in Brazil, occurred due to a political mobilization of this people who, although were
formed by just a few families, made the migration. Upon arriving in Brazil, they had the first
Indigenous Land demarcated in the Oiapoque region by Decree 87,844 of 11/24/1982. And
even with commercial relations established since French Guiana and that continued when
arriving in Brazil with agriculture as the main economic activity - which is being changed to
the service sector, especially in the condition of public servers. This work aims to analyze the
territorial dynamics of the Galibi Kali'na of Oiapoque in the seventy years of their presence in
Brazil, taking into account three elements of/in the territorial dynamics, namely: 1. The
displacement of this people from French Guiana to Brazil and the socio-political-economic
context; 2. Their installation and relationships established with the new land from the point of
view of nature and society; 3. The Kali'na's own view of the Territory. To achieve this general
objective, we list the following specific ones: to verify the expanded territory of Galibi Kali'na
people in the northern arc of the Guianas; understand the formation process of the Kali'na
Territory in Brazil; to map the organization of the Galibi Kali'na and the challenges of the Galibi
Indigenous Land. We made use of a space-time methodology, with temporal cut being the 70s,
since the territorialization in Brazil and as spatial one, the Galibi Indigenous Land itself. The
bibliographic research was built throughout the doctorate, in the subjects taken, the participation
in events and in the various interactions, with the goal of subsidizing the understanding of
concepts of territory, territorial dynamics, Kali'na people, decoloniality. The Kali'na lived
through different institutional arrangements in their territorialization in Brazil; to come to this
conclusion, we used documentary research as instrument to demonstrate the legal agreements
established by these people and the generation of new documents and maps from oral reports
formally granted through interviews and informally through everyday conversations. Field
research with immersion of experience helped with the continuity and choices taken during the
thesis building. The organization of the thesis results is developed in four chapters: the first,
entitled “Territory, concepts and experiences”, presents the conceptual basis; the second one,
“The context of Kali'na migration”, makes a historical and documentary retrospective of the
political and institutional situation in Brazil and French Guiana on the decision part of that
people took to leave the Guiana; the third, “Territorialization of the Kali'na in Oiapoque Brazil”,
presents the elements of territorialization, the use and reproduction of land, the spatial
organization based on culture and the school as a mediator of flows; the fourth, “The Kali’na
view of the territory: social cartography in perspective”, using the methodology of social
cartography to show how the Kali’na see themselves in the territory.

The COVID-19 pandemic on a planetary scale has been the object of intense changes at the
global level, on multiple scales, reverberating dilemmas inherent to the conditions and social
practices that have been established throughout history. The escalation of the aforementioned
pandemic exposed a complex set of socio-spatial vulnerabilities linked to the unequal
insertion of the brazilian and amazonian territory in the technical and territorial division of
labor, as well as the precarious conditions of urban and health infrastructure, essential
elements for the fight against COVID-19. On a local scale, the population of the city of Belém
was deeply impacted by a mostly unfavorable conjuncture added to the pandemic, which
claimed thousands of lives. The high number of deaths in neighborhoods and territories on the
outskirts of Belém should be highlighted here, indicating different scales, movements, rates of
dispersion of COVID-19 and their possible links with levels of vulnerabilities and socio-
spatial inequalities, associated with accessibility to urban facilities, such as running water,
sanitary sewage and housing conditions in Belém. In view of the particularities of the spatial
condition of the city of Belém, this research is relevant due to the need to understand the
territorial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, from an interscalar movement in global and
national dimensions. The hypothesis is defended that the current dynamics related to the
territorial effects of COVID-19 are closely connected to the conditions of socio-spatial
vulnerability in the city. The research, therefore, consists of a case study that, from a
methodological point of view, will be carried out through a survey and bibliographic and
documental analysis, cartographic production, qualitative systematic observations, application
of survey and statistical analysis. Therefore, in that dissertation, the main elements of the
research developed are presented, as well as a propositional path based on the dynamics of
smartie cities for the consolidation of a sustainable city.

Key-words: Territorial effects; Sociospatial Vulnerability; COVID-19; City of Belém.

Water is an indispensable element for the continuity of human life and the planet's
environmental balance. As a result, the struggle for its access and resources is a struggle
that has been going on for centuries around the world. In each space/territory, it takes on
specificcharacteristics,stemmingfromthe existing interrelationships. In Brazil, the
existence of multiple conflicts over access, control, and the right to water and its resources
can be seen in different spaces/territories, and the consequences of these conflicts take on
new contours, whether in terms of defense strategies by social movements or by big
capital,asactionsthatareharmfultothesegroups.The debates about water and
movements can be understood from numerous theoretical and methodological perspectives,
but here we start from the conflictuality and the historical and dialectical materiality that
actions of different actors leave on different spaces.Once these actions are historical
processes, which are in constant movement, acting and materializing in different ways in
each space, leaving marks that can be described and analyzed in a critical way. In view of
this, we propose to understand the different processes in which disputes over water are
embedded, based on scientific debates and analyses of the actions suffered, practiced, and
other strategies developed by socio-territorial water movements to safeguard the rights of
their members and of society in general. The hypotheses raised in this work are that the
socio-territorialmovementsorganizethemselves,eitherinternallywithinasingle
movement, or allied with others, seeking different ways to face the adversities arising from
the conflicts in which they are inserted, such as: demonstrations, occupations of companies
and public agencies, lawsuits, against mining, agribusiness, industrial fishing, among
others. The debates in this paper sought to understand the different processes in which
disputes over water are inserted. In this sense, the bibliometric research and its subsequent
analysis provided conditions for the observation of how science has been producing water
conflicts worldwide. Not only the forms, but the diverse processes and conceptions that
water assumes for each of those who dispute it. In this sense, it was possible to observe the
dynamics resulting from the processes of appropriation and differentiation of uses and
conceptions of water, noting the existence of hegemonic actors who seek to control it in
order to satisfy their needs. The processes related to the disputes for and over water are
complex, arising from the sum of factors resulting from the spaces and territories where
theyareinserted.Atthenationallevel,itwasnoticeablethatsocio-spatialand
socio-territorial movements are important contesting actors of the current order, producing
a set of actions and strategies to confront the hydro-hegemonic actors.

Keywords: Water; Movements; Water Conflicts; Hydrohegemonic Actors.

The performance of agents producing urban space in Altamira has gone through several phases,
from the opening of the trans-Amazonian highway (BR-230) in the 1970s to the construction
of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant complex in the early 2011s. contributed
significantly to the population density of the region, producing urban spaces driven by real
estate speculation and real estate producing agents, especially production by subdivisions that
contributed to the current configuration of the urban fabric, densifying new areas and creating
new peripheries, marked by discontinuity. and low occupancy density. In this way, the present
research aims to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of urban space in Altamira-PA from
the perspective of real estate development with the advent of the Belo Monte hydroelectric
complex, highlighting the location of urban land subdivisions, infrastructure urban areas,
housing densities, urban control and regulation instruments and in addition to the socioenvironmental reflexes related to these activities. The methodological procedure adopted to
carry out this research can be divided into the Pre-Field stages with a bibliographic and
documentary survey on various concepts related to urbanization, urban space, promoters, real
estate sector, urban expansion and land subdivision, in addition to data consultation and
information in Official Bodies and Institutions; Field, with in loco verification of points to
verify the current state of the most deficient land subdivisions of basic infrastructure in the city
of Altamira; and the Post-Field (analytical/comparative), consolidating the information
collected in the form of graphs, tables, charts and cartographic representations, in addition to
discussions and propositions on the theme of the dynamics of urban expansion conducted by
land subdivision projects in the area of urban perimeter of Altamira. It was found that the real
estate production in Altamira has contributed to the configuration of a fragmented urban reality
from a spatial point of view, characterized by aspects of continuity and densification and
discontinuity and sprawl, with the location of many projects in areas far from the urban core.
main feature, a reality that has become the standard that characterizes the urban fabric of the
Altamira headquarters.

Keywords: Production of Urban Space; Real Estate Development Agents; Installment of the
land.

The performance of agents producing urban space in Altamira has gone through several phases,
from the opening of the trans-Amazonian highway (BR-230) in the 1970s to the construction
of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant complex in the early 2011s. contributed
significantly to the population density of the region, producing urban spaces driven by real
estate speculation and real estate producing agents, especially production by subdivisions that
contributed to the current configuration of the urban fabric, densifying new areas and creating
new peripheries, marked by discontinuity. and low occupancy density. In this way, the present
research aims to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of urban space in Altamira-PA from
the perspective of real estate development with the advent of the Belo Monte hydroelectric
complex, highlighting the location of urban land subdivisions, infrastructure urban areas,
housing densities, urban control and regulation instruments and in addition to the socioenvironmental reflexes related to these activities. The methodological procedure adopted to
carry out this research can be divided into the Pre-Field stages with a bibliographic and
documentary survey on various concepts related to urbanization, urban space, promoters, real
estate sector, urban expansion and land subdivision, in addition to data consultation and
information in Official Bodies and Institutions; Field, with in loco verification of points to
verify the current state of the most deficient land subdivisions of basic infrastructure in the city
of Altamira; and the Post-Field (analytical/comparative), consolidating the information
collected in the form of graphs, tables, charts and cartographic representations, in addition to
discussions and propositions on the theme of the dynamics of urban expansion conducted by
land subdivision projects in the area of urban perimeter of Altamira. It was found that the real
estate production in Altamira has contributed to the configuration of a fragmented urban reality
from a spatial point of view, characterized by aspects of continuity and densification and
discontinuity and sprawl, with the location of many projects in areas far from the urban core.
main feature, a reality that has become the standard that characterizes the urban fabric of the
Altamira headquarters.

Keywords: Production of Urban Space; Real Estate Development Agents; Installment of the
land.

In this paper, the objective is to understand the process of capitalist production of space in
Paragominas/PA, from the analysis of the territorialization of the neoliberal reason by the
Paragominense Agroindustrial Cooperative (Coopernorte). Through our study, we realize that
the cooperative has been dictating a hegemonic model of territorial development of
agribusiness, through its collective actions of territorialization and capitalist organization in
the countryside, acting as a socio-territorial movement and spreading to other subjects the
need for integration to the neoliberal agrarian capitalism, from the diffusion of a "package" of
products and ideas. Initially, we carried out a theoretical discussion between territory and
neoliberalism, questioning whether it is part of an ideology, a policy, or a rationality. To
understand the process of transformations that Paragominas went through after the entry of
soybeans, we went to the historical and material bases of its territorial formation. Finally, we
analyzed the discourses and the actions of the cooperative, mainly through the Show Agro, a
fair organized by them. To this end, we carried out fieldwork in Paragominas, photographic
records, survey and analysis of secondary data and documents, cartographic production,
theoretical and bibliographic review.

Keywords: Agribusiness; Neoliberalism; Cooperative; Territory

In this year 2022, after the peak of a pandemic period of Covid-19 and its variants, it is still
worrying the fact that more than 2 billion people around the world live in countries under water
stress, therefore, they do not have directly or have difficulties accessing drinking water to meet
basic daily food and hygiene needs, according to data from the United Nations (2021). In this
context, the difficulty of access to drinking water for riverside populations in the Brazilian
Amazon is evident, especially for rural and riverside regions that become less assisted, favored
and even excluded from the infrastructure networks for the supply of drinking water. At the
center of this thematic research proposal, we sought to identify and analyze, from a socioenvironmental geographical reading, together with the political ecology of water, water justice
and hydroterritories in access to drinking water for human consumption, in the spatial cut of
communities João Pilatos and Igarapé Grande, on João Pilatos Island, and that make up the
insular region of the municipality of Ananindeua (integrates the Metropolitan Region of
Belém), state of Pará, in the North Region of Brazil (Brazilian Amazon). that the insular region
of the municipality of Ananindeua has nine islands occupied by 12 communities that reside and
organize themselves collectively, based on a riverside and rural way of life. this research was
developed by an exploratory approach, along with the case study with qualitative and
quantitative data nature, collection and analysis of data in the field and
bibliographic/documental survey. Having these methodological and analytical directions, it was
possible to point out intentions and actions that occur in a certain temporal and spatial scale, to
identify and reach representations of the hydroterritorial configuration of these territories.
Furthermore, to point out the water justice and injustice in these territorial representations,
considering the movements underlying the normative structure of access to water (selfmanagement) and the political, cultural and environmental recognition of the provision and
allocation of water, in the analysis bias of the interests that move the absence and/or presence
of access to potable water in the region. The proposed study showed that the residents of these
communities are not being served by a water supply system by a conventional provider (public
or private supply network), with the need to organize and manage an individual and community
system in order to meet their demands. of human consumption.

Keywords: Political Ecology; Water injustice; territories; Amazon; Water’s supply

The overall objective of this study is to analyze the environmental vulnerability of the
Jaurucu sub-basin and to understand how land cover and land use changes between
1990 and 2020 affect the loss of its landscape potential and its geoecological and
socioeconomic features, including the pattern of encroachment of environmental
systems. . , possibilities and limits of use and the impact on spatial changes. To
achieve the desired goals, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the earth
system approach, the theory of ecological dynamics, the concepts of landscape, land
system and stability of the environmental system were chosen; The concepts of risk
and vulnerability were introduced to avoid confusion when understanding these
concepts. The research used techniques and methodological procedures as
theoretical and methodological support for mapping environmental systems,
assumptions by Bertrand (2004), Sotchava (1977), Tricart (1977), Monteiro (2000),
Souza (2000) and others. The cartographic products were created with the support of
geographic information systems (GIS). The environmental vulnerability analysis was
adapted by applying the methodology of Crepani et al. proposed method. Persons.
(2001), Grigio (2003), Tagliani (2003), Costa et al. (2006), Oliveira and Mattos (2014),
based on Tricart (1977). Field work has been performed to verify the generation of land
cover and land cover maps using MapaBiomas, vulnerability determinations are
calculated using the grid calculation tool from algebraic equations crossing data in the
GIS environment. Therefore, creating a sustainable development plan requires
planning and analysis of the environment. Understanding vulnerable environments and
the systems used within them helps with territory planning.

Brazil has its economic growth based on the exploitation of natural resources, mainly in the Amazon region, through the implementation of large projects, which provide deconfigurations in the socio-spatial dynamics of the local subject. The growing demand for energy generation, based on the discourse of the country's development, increases the number of large hydroelectric projects in the Amazon region of Pará.  The construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant (UHEBM) in the Volta Grande do Xingu - PA, caused the compulsory displacement of several families who lived in the areas of influence of the project, resulting in deformations in the traditional ways of life of riverine subjects, decharacterizing their origins and, necessarily transforming them into urban individuals or farmers/rural workers, those who were once recognized as riparian families, given the condition of the space in which they lived and their direct relationship with the river, are now characterized as resettled families, still under the condition of space that transfigures them into resettled from the Rural Collective Resettlement. In view of these transformations in the region, the research aimed to understand the production of space in the Collective Rural Resettlement of km 27, located in Vitória do Xingu - PA (RRC), which arose in order to provide equivalent or better conditions than those families had before the implementation of the Hydroelectric Power Plant. For the primary data survey, semi-structured interviews were conducted with both the resettled families and the families living in the Resettlement in the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022, allowing to understand the production of the RRC space, as well as the apprehension of the reality of the relocated families, besides the insertion in the field, the official documents of Norte Energia were analyzed, such as the consolidated reports among others, referring to the object of study. It was verified that the relocated families obligatorily seek to establish new modes of production, new strategies and new socio-spatial dynamics in the new space, trying to adapt to what the external agents imposed as reproduction aid for their new living conditions.

Keywords: Pará Amazon. Large hydroelectric projects. Displacement. Rural Resettlement.

The present dissertation will deal with the gentrification processes observed in the
heritage of the historic center of the city of Belém-Pa observed in these culturally
representative spaces from the perspective of a case study in the Feliz Lusitânia space.
The object of study of the research will be the historic center, with regard to urban
planning actions on the cultural heritage of the city and will have as general objective: To
understand how the actions of public agents in the patrimonial requalifications of the Feliz
Lusitânia space became catalysts of the gentrification process in the historic center of
Belém. And the specific objectives will be: 1) To analyze the political-economic sphere
of urban planning from the policies under the heritage in the city of Belém, and the
interests for this purpose in the historic center of the city; 2) Understand how
gentrification is accelerated in view of the new functions and images given to heritage,
taking as an example the Feliz Lusitânia complex; 3) To verify the consequences for the
local society of gentrification in the Feliz Lusitânia complex. This analysis will be
governed by the theoretical-conceptual construction of the urban planning category, the
public policies adopted in the intra-urban space of the city specifically on the heritage that
foster gentrification actions, ennoblement under a representative space of the history and
memory of the city, observing this logic such as that which governs the urban spaces of
colonial cities in peripheral countries. This idea is built under a historical moment based
on the economy and reproduction of capitalism where the place is reproduced from a
global logic, characterizing the globalization of places. This proposal aims to show that
the gentrification of consumption is underway in the area that comprises the historic
center of Belém and that this process is the result of urban policies of public agents
initially, but it also appears that not only public agents act in the reproduction of this logic.
The current stage shows new actors of gentrification from entrepreneurs to the regular
citizen. This fact presents new articulations that grant the urban environment a new form
of space reproduction.

KEYWORDS: Gentrification; Patrimonialização; Urban planning; Historic center;
Happy Lusitania.

This research analyzed the process of removal of poor communities from Altamira who lived
in the floodplain areas of the Altamira, Ambé and Panelas streams, to Collective Urban
Settlements (RUC) in outlying areas. The study is based on the installation of the Belo Monte
hydroelectric plant in Altamira and the re-urbanization of the central areas, which, among
other factors, culminated in the removal of thousands of families, changing the entire dynamic
of their lives. Our main objective is to demonstrate that the process of planned removals of the
residents of the baixões is constituted as socio-spatial segregation. In this way, we present
elements that prove the idea raised. The methodology used was qualitative research where we
sought, through semi-structured interviews with residents, to identify elements that prove
socio-spatial segregation. The results of this study showed that the residents are dissatisfied
with the change of their homes, mainly due to the mobility factor, and that the distance from
the central areas caused other problems such as unemployment, increased poverty, violence,
low quality of education, health problems, social isolation, loss of affective ties with neighbors
and family, loss of identity with the river, among other social and psychological problems.
Thus, this research proves the initial thesis.

Key words: Socio-spatial segregation, Planned Removals, RUC, Belo Monte Hydroelectric,
Altamira.

The present research seeks to present the changes and permanence of the way of life
of the riverside people of Ilha da Fazenda from the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant, and
has as a general objective: to understand the changes and permanences in the way of
life of the residents of Ilha da Fazenda in Volta Grande do Xingu in front of the large
Belo Monte hydroelectric project. To this end, it outlined the following specific
objectives: 1. To characterize the way of life of the riverside dwellers of Ilha da
Fazenda; 2. Analyze the Belo Monte Dam as an event; 3. Understand the changes and
continuities on Ilha da Fazenda after the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric
Plant. The Ilha da Fazenda, located in Volta Grande do Xingu, belonging to the
municipality of Senador José Porfírio, suffered major impacts after the construction of
the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, changing the way of life. To verify these
transformations, bibliographic and documentary surveys were carried out, visits to the
community, application of semi-structured interviews with residents of the Island and
with former residents. The research is organized into three chapters and has the way
of life as a guiding category for the study.
Keywords: Belo Monte hydroelectric plant; lifestyle; changes and stays; impacts.

The advance of cattle ranching in the Amazon is expressed in extensive fractions of the regional
territory. From the 1960s onwards, this phenomenon will becomemore intense. In the case of
the state of Pará, several fronts have noticed an increase in cattle breeding. The Região de
Integração do Guamá is located in the Nordeste do Pará, the oldest agrarian frontier in the
Eastern Amazon, a space of intense anthropic action and whose colonization was related to
family farming based on small properties. In this territory, cattle ranching has manifested itself
in the intensification of local deforestation, in the creation of centers for the concentration of
activityand in the use of urban infrastructure to transport and improve production. In order to
understand this reality, we chose a time frame that would guarantee a view of the process, in
this sense, the last three agricultural censuses (1996, 2006, 2016) are taken as a reference. In
the research, primary and mainly secondary data were used. Cattle ranching in the Região de
Integração do Guamá is concentrated in some municipalities, having shown a deceleration in
the growth rate in the last ten years analyzed. The road and service infrastructure supports the
consolidation of cattle breeding in the region.

Keywords:Cattle ranching;Territory;Integration Region

This work examines how the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam at Xingu River, in Altamira city, Pará state is transforming the relationship between ribeirinhos, riverine people, and their traditional territories. Before the dam, the riverine people maintained relative territorial and social-economic autonomy. Since the construction of Belo Monte, the State and private companies are abusing their power in an attempt to gain territorial control and influence local dynamics. Subsequently, land-use planning in the region is changing. Previously organized by the ribeirinhos according to their own rules and subsistence needs, the land is now regulated by new private actors, impacting and altering the nature and purpose of the communities’ traditional activities. In order to conduct this analysis, I use the dialectical method due to its ability to analyze the contradictions of the territory

During the construction and completion of the UHE Belo Monte from 2010 to 2020, the city of
Altamira experienced an exponential increase in rates related to violence and crime, reaching
alarming levels as a result of the problems arising from the project in the region. This increase
in violence and crime spread with force in all directions in the urban space of Altamira, affecting
especially the population directly impacted by the project and the local youth. Of all the crimes
that had their growth leveraged, homicide is the one that draws most attention in this period,
because it is the most dramatic face of urban violence, it can be seen then that this type of crime
gains strength to be reproduced with more intensity from the moment that the works of the UHE
Belo Monte begin to be built. Thus, of the 11 municipalities affected by the construction of the
plant, the city of Altamira, being the center of this region and concentrating the largest number
of services, was the city most impacted by Belo Monte. In this way, this work is born with the
intention of launching itself to the challenge of discussing and analyzing more deeply the
phenomena of violence and criminality, using Belo Monte as a catalyst event of old and new
problems in urban space, thus contributing to the production of knowledge, to the studies of
violence and criminality in this municipality, in the light of Geography, enabling an
understanding of the phenomenon, of its dimension and intensity. Based on these premises, the
general objective of this dissertation is to analyze and understand the spatial dynamics of
violence and criminality in Altamira, what are its causes and implications in urban space, having
as a catalyst of these problems the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant and its
relationship with the indicators of violence.

Keywords: Urban Violence, Crime, Altamira; Belo Monte, Urban Space.

This is a research that analyzes the territorial control strategies by different subjects involved in the dynamics of the formation of territories and territorialities of the natural heritage in the context of the interior and surroundings of the Municipal Environmental Park of Mosqueiro. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a subaltern thesis as a result of the literature on the subject being mostly focused on the problematization of cultural heritage, as it is the first thesis on natural heritage that deals with the contexts of traditional populations in Amazonia and for presenting a dissonant discussion of official and hegemonic perspectives in technical and academic circles. This research was supported by the spatial dialectic of destructive construction by considering socio-spatial conflicts and contradictions that involve the appropriation and use of natural heritage. It has a qualitative character, involved bibliographical, documentary and exploratory research with the accomplishment of field work with monitoring of cultural practices and nature management in the Extractive Communities Caruarú, Tucumandeu and Tamanduá, Pratiquara and Rio Murubira localities. Data were analyzed using discourse and content analysis techniques. The research problem was supported by the understanding of tensions, conflicts and socio-spatial practices that resulted from the institutionalization of the Mosqueiro Environmental Park. The central question of the research revolved around the understanding of how islanders appropriated and used the natural heritage mediated by the promotion of territories and territorialities. The guiding questions asked which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage within and around the Park and how did they exercise territorial control? What were the territorialities that were configured in natural heritage control practices and how were they related and conflicted? How did the appropriation of nature occur in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how were they configured in alternative strategies for the possession of natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective? The general objective sought to analyze the dynamics of appropriation and use of nature in the non-urbanized part of Mosqueiro (Parque), which was configured as a process and formation of territories and territorialities of natural heritage. The specific objectives intended to identify and map which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage inside and around the Park and analyzing how they exercised territorial control; Identify and discuss which territorialities were configured in natural heritage control practices and how they related and conflicted. To verify and analyze the appropriation and use of nature in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how they were configured in alternative strategies of possession of the natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective. The central thesis of the research is based on the understanding that natural heritage results from socio-spatial practices that involve the territorialization of power resulting from social, historical and spatial conditions permeated by the management of nature. Therefore, it has no innate value and does not express the gathering of natural elements dissociated from the socio-spatial whole.

Keywords: natural heritage; territory; territoriality; traditional populations; socio-spatial practices.

The Círio de Nazaré in Belém-PA has attracted flows of visitors since its origins, but from the midtwentieth century, with the advance of capitalism, the Church, agents of marketing offer and public authorities started to organize and intensify actions for the expansion of that attractiveness touristic, as well as to act in the heritagization of that event. Such processes stand out in the production of the space of this festivity and can be analyzed from the Lefebvrian dialectical triad of perceived, conceived and lived spaces, where the hegemony of some agents who make up what Gramsci understands as integral State is revealed in actions that they mix consensus and coercion. Thus, this research analyzes the production of the Círio de Nazaré space through the processes of its touristification and heritagization, investigating the agents involved in them, the coercive and consensual control strategies used in the conceived space and its effects on the festivity’s perceived and lived spaces, as well as the contradictions, pointing out from actions subversive to the market logic the viability of restitution of the Festival. For this purpose, the main methodological procedures are survey and bibliographical and documentary research, field observation and semi-structured interviews. The research demonstrates that the hegemonic agents of touristification and heritagization of the Círio de Nazaré have sought to expand their domain over the this festivity’s space, based on the capitalist logic, masking contradictions that, when identified by subordinate agents, leverage actions that can contribute to the construction of a new hegemony.

Keywords: Círio de Nazaré, Touristification; Heritagization; Space Production and Integral State.

In this paper we seek to recognize conflict as part of a theoretical and methodological discussion that has been eclipsed in geographic science. We seek to demonstrate conflict as a process that takes place in social relations that are shaped in space-time, therefore, endowed with spatialities and, therefore, with porosities to a geographic analysis. Our objective of studying conflict as a theme of/in Geography has as a reference the land conflicts in Brazil and in Maranhão at the beginning of the 21st century. Based on an extensive theoretical reference and data analysis, we identify some ideas-elements for thinking about a geographic approach to conflict, and we also point out some structures of the agrarian issue that allow us to make a synthetic map of the Maranhão agrarian issue, based on land conflicts. Finally, we conclude that the conflict are part of a relational process of agents who construct the reality from their spatial practices, therefore, open to a geographical analysis.

Keywords: Conflict - Geography - Maranhão - Land conflicts

In 2020, the discussion about housing and the housing rights gains strength in the context of the
global pandemic given the needs of social isolation, which affects different social groups across
the globe in many ways, highlighting socio-spatial inequalities that permeate society, based on
the capitalist production mode translating into housing access inequalities.At the regional level,
it is worth to note that urban space and the cities in the Amazon, while in 21st century, have
been undergoing deep transformations associated with determinations inherent to the capital
propagation in the urban-regional space, the advancement of new economic agents, the
extensive territory urbanization permeated by elements that have contributed to the production
of socio-spatial inequalities.Amidst the interpretation of these processes it is essential to
consider the participation of the State in the ‘territory urbanization’ production and its influence
on the constitution of the current Amazon urban network. On a local scale, the Tucuruí city
stands out, which underwent a high demographic growth from the period of construction of the
UHT and presents itself as a fertile soil for study, taking into account the particularities and
diversities of the Brazilian and Amazonian urban space.Thus, this research is based on the
premise that the housing production within the urban space scope constitutes a focus and
indicator to capture the dynamics, shapes and processes of Socio-spatial Inequalities. In this
regard, this dissertation aims to show how the issue of housing and housing rights are spatialized
in the Tucuruí city, especially in the period from 2000 to 2020. And referring to the
aforementioned period, it is necessary to highlight that this is constituted a 'clipping' and as such
is part of a historical-geographic 'whole', which cannot be studied in an isolated and stagnated
manner.The cut helps in the development of the research and the formulation of its problems,
in order to enable a clearer focus on the processes to be unveiled, taking as quidelines the
historical and dialectical materialism and its perspective on reality. The pandemic scenario
made field research impracticable, so the search for primary data was carried out through semi-
structured interviews, remote application of questionnaires, both over the phoneand through
instant messaging platforms and e-mai along with the use of tools such as Google Earth Pro,
ArcGis 10.1, QGIS. 2.18.20 for the elaboration of cartographic products and treatment of the
collected data, in order to demonstrate the materiality ofthe distribution and accessibility of
goods and services to capture the conditions of spatial injustice, as well as the Sociospatial
Inequalities present in the current Tucuruí urban space.

Keywords:Urban Spaces;, socio-spatial inequalities;housing;Tucuruí-Amazonia-Pará.

The analysis undertaken here aims to emphasize the riverside dimension of space in the Amazon region of Tocantins in Pará, taking as its starting point the insular portion of the municipality of Abaetetuba, Northeastern Pará State, locally known as the “Abaetetuba islands”. We defend as a guiding thesis the existence of a riparian space production process in the region, especially in the study area, as part of the broader process of production in the Amazonian space. The research is structured in four moments or analysis axes, preceded by the final considerations. At first, dissolved in the first chapter, we describe general aspects about the empirical spatial context from which we are proposing the construction of the research, that is, the Amazon region of Tocantins and particularly the islands of Abaetetuba. This is a preliminary characterization of the empirical reality to be studied where aspects referring to both the territorial configuration and the riverside social dynamics will be considered without, however, the intention of deepening the debate on the temporality of social processes inherent to the production of space . In the second and third moments (understood in the second and third chapters), we propose an exercise of regression, that is, of reconstituting some historical-spatial processes that had important correlations with the historical process of production of the riverine space in the region, in a special way on the islands of Abaetetuba, with the creation of villages commanded by the missionaries during the first phase of Portuguese colonization in the region; the creation of captaincies and land grants; the establishment of Indian directories; the introduction of black slaves in the region as a form of labor supply; as well as the more systematic development of the sugar mills economy already in a post-colonial situation. In the fourth moment, we propose a return to the riverside spatial context in the present time, seeking to understand it in a more enlightened, resignified way. At this point, we take as a starting point the political organization strategies, especially those linked to land use, in view of their correlations with the dynamics of production in the riverside space. In line with the purposes of the research, we chose the (social) production of space as the guiding theory, placing the debates in the horizons opened by the dialectical perspective raised mainly in the writings of the philosopher Henri Lefebvre, whose foundations proved to be pertinent and adaptable to the development of the analysis proposed here. From this perspective, we seek to guide the discussion in the sense of valuing the social dimension of space, understanding the social practices projected in a given space also translate into space production practices. This production, however, does not refer strictly to the production of things, objects, or goods, but refers its understanding to the existence of social relations, which includes the production of objects and the production of space in a broad sense. It is from this perspective that we raise this analysis with the islands of Abaetetuba as the empirical locus of the research.
Keywords: Riverside. Amazon. Space production. Abaetetuba Islands. Land use.

Based on incentive policies and international trade in commodities, the instruments of
reprimarization are related to the maintenance of the subordinate condition of peasants and
peripheral capitalist countries, as an instrument for the expansion of agribusiness and its
increasingly intense consolidation. It also shows how the conflict is represented in the dispute
for territory, to overcome the unequal and subordinate condition, from the presence of struggle
and resistance expressed in peasant territory in Brazil. Facing the neoliberal policies in the field
and commodity markets, engendered and represented by port enterprises and projects,
production and organization in the capitalist logic in the fishing region and riverine
communities in Abaetetuba/PA and Cajueiro/MA. In this research, we seek to understand how
riverine and fishermen's resistance is expressed against the process and context of
reprimarization of the Brazilian economy, with state support and incentive, and direct action in
the traditional territory of riverine people in Abaetetuba/PA and fishermen in the community
of Cajueiro, in the municipality of São Luís/MA. For this, we analyze and discuss concerning
the installation projects of the Terminal de Uso Privado (TUP) Abaetetuba/PA of the North
American multinational Cargill S/A and the Terminal de Uso Privado (TUP) Porto São Luís, a
Chinese transnational operated by WPR São Luís Gestão de Portos e Terminais S/A, of the
WTorres group. The scope is centered on understanding the conflicts that occur around the
territorial dispute, its unfolding, and repercussions, considering the territorial singularities and
heterogeneities in the wide expansion of agribusiness in riverine communities. With the
incursion of TUP-Abaetetuba and TUP-São Luís, and subjugation of these social groups, either
by the monopolization of territory without the effective territorialization of the port, either by
the repossession that expropriates residents in Cajueiro/MA. From the bibliographical research
(Web of Science and Scopus), data about the waterway transport market, contained in the
“Boletim Aquaviário” of the 1st quarter of 2021, the analysis and development of the research
will be built from the perspective of historical materialism and expression of class struggle in
the construction and management of territories, as well as the conflict related to its construction
in resistance, in which the production, family unit, and organization/management of the riverine
territory, as a territory in marginality to capitalist center, are possibilities and alternatives of the
existence of different models of organization of a territory, which besides being built in a system
between communities, is on the route of the reprimarization system. In the first part of the
research, a panorama of the Agrarian Question was built, influencing and expressing the
conflict present in the countryside with the expansion of the capitalist production mode. It is
also present in the contradiction of the industrialization of Brazilian agriculture for a
development that goes back to production as an agrarian-exporter of primary products; as well
as the insertion of new subjects in the dispute for land and territory in the marginalization and
exploitation of the countryside and its territories.
Keywords: Territory, Agribusiness, TUP-Abaetetuba, Porto São Luís.

Resumo apresentado na língua francesa:

Le processus de valorisation capitaliste de l’espace s’établit par son utilisation comme
entreprise. La valeur d’utilisation des biens patrimoniaux entre dans le marché capitaliste par
sa valeur d’échange et favorise ainsi une valorisation de son environnement. C’est devant ce
processus que l’objet de cette recherche est délimité par la valorisation spatiale des patrimoines
et son environnement dans l’avenue Nazaré à Belém-PA. La recherche a pour objectif
d’analyser la relation de la valorisation spatiale et du patrimoine et son environnement dans
l’avenue Nazaré à Belém-PA. Pour la réalisation de cette analyse, on utilise comme approche
et méthode de recherche l’analyse dialectique, en s’appuyant sur l’étude de cas des immeubles
Parque da Residência, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi et Basílica Santuário Nossa Senhora de
Nazaré, situés sur l’axe de l’avenue Nazaré et Magalhães Barata à Belém-PA. Il est identifié
que les patrimoines de l’étude de cas favorisent un processus de valorisation spatiale à leur
environnement quand: a) il y a la possibilité de les utiliser en tant qu’entreprises, b) il ya un
processus de touristification dans ces espaces et; c) par un bon état de conservation. Le
patrimoine est donc considéré comme un élément pouvant apporter une valeur ajoutée à la terre
urbaine. Dans le processus de valorisation capitaliste des patrimoines de l’avenue Nazaré, la
consommation de l’espace patrimonialisé ne se produit pas d’une manière directe, par leur achat
et leur vente, mais par les voies de la domination de l’industrie du tourisme et du marché
immobilier.
Mot-clé: Patrimonialisation, patrimoine utilisé comme entreprise, patrimoine et son
environnement, valeur de l’espace, valorisation capitaliste de l’espace.

The hydrographic microregion of Altamira – MRHA, located on the left bank of the Xingu River,
between the municipalities of Altamira and Vitória do Xingu/PA, is a region that experiences
important processes of anthropogenic transformation of the landscape and its territory, as a
result of the processes that occurred with the construction of the Belo Monte UHE hydroelectric
complex. In this context, the present research aims to conduct a geoenvironmental study
mapping the environmental vulnerability of the MRHA, with theoretical support of geosystemic
analysis and methodological operationalization using geotechnologies, multicriteria analysis
and map algebra. The results achieved are: the proposition of delimiting the MRHA in
accordance with the dynamics of the watersheds that make up it; the physiographic partner
characterization of the microregion; and the environmental vulnerability of the microregion and
its watersheds. It is deduced that the current stage of use and occupation of the MRHA is
sustainable, with low environmental vulnerability for the microregion and for most watersheds,
but with areas that are prone to environmental imbalance and degradation, if any variable has
problems and thus reaching the sustainability thresholds. The information obtained leads to
the need for integrated territorial management, subsidizing the environmental planning of
hydrographic basins, with the intercity initiative for the socio-environmental sustainability of the
hydrographic microregion.
Keywords: Watershed, Water Management, Environmental Vulnerability.

Although the Amazon Biome has an incalculable value for balance and maintenance of life on the planet, in recent years it has suffered from the construction of controversial infrastructure works, in particular the construction of hydroelectric plants, as is the case in the Xingu River basin, which has and it can also cause, several modifications in diverse spatial scales, mainly the local and regional. To this end, it is of utmost importance to understand the functioning of these landscapes and their tendencies for changes arising from human activities, thus providing subsidies for planning environmentally sustainable uses. Adopting the concept of hydrographic basins as a physicalterritorial unit for measuring socio-environmental impacts and the geoecology of landscapes as a methodology for systemic environmental analysis, this research aims to study the operation and the changes caused by the construction of the Belo Monte HPP in the sub- hydrographic basins of the Igarapés, Panelas, Altamira and Ambé that are located within the Direct Influence Area (AID) of the Belo Monte HPP and that drain the urban area of the city of Altamira in the State of Pará. qualification containing central problem, objectives, hypothesis, justification and the methodological procedures used for the development of the research, as well as presenting the academic activities that were carried out in 2019.

Esta pesquisa integra-se ao projeto construído pelo Grupo de pesquisa Dinâmicas Territoriais do Espaço Rural na Amazônia – GDEA, onde Nahum (2018) propõe a utilização de conceitos geográficos que possibilitem analisar geograficamente a Amazônia paraense e em especifico seu processo de formação. De acordo com Nahum (2019) a Amazônia passou por uma sucessão e coexistência de meios geográficos, o meio natural sendo caracterizado pelas relações camponesas ligadas ao extrativismo; seguido de um meio técnico marcado por um período agrário ligado a atividades agropecuárias; e um meio técnico-científico-informacional sendo este rural, com atividades agroindustriais, compondo o quadro atual. Defende-se a ideia de que o meio natural ao qual a Amazônia passou compreende o período de 1616 a 1960. O ano de 1616 marca a fundação da cidade de Belém, e assim o início da formação da futura Companhia Geral do Pará e do Maranhão, definido como ponto de partida, e 1966 data o princípio da “Operação Amazônia”, conjunto de investimentos voltados para o desenvolvimento da região, como ponto de chegada. Tendo isso em conta, sustentamos a tese da existência de um meio natural na Amazônia paraense, busca-se construir uma periodização da Amazônia paraense, a fim de mostrar o movimento espacial que estruturou sua formação. Para isso, será caracteriza a paisagem, configuração espacial e dinâmica social nestes três séculos e meio, e assim singularizar o meio natural na Amazônia paraense. Pensar tal concepção exige-nos compreender que a existência dos meios geográficos caracterizados por Santos e Silveira (2001) são leituras espaciais que tem como referência a técnica. Busca-se nesta pesquisa ir além das contribuições, históricas, economicistas e sociológicas, no sentido de evidenciar a partir de uma periodização como a paisagem, configuração espacial e a dinâmica social de cada período possibilitou a Amazônia alcançar seu estágio atual. Pensando a metodologia analítica da pesquisa compreende-se que o espaço é a categoria fundamental para se compreender a ideia de período, evento e periodização em Santos (2008). Enquanto metodologia operacional, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica acerca da Amazônia paraense no período de 1616 a 1966, para assim construirmos a base de dados necessária ao entendimento da paisagem, configuração espacial e dinâmica social, da área de estudo. Incorporar a geografia no processo metodológico torna-se um desafio que se busca alcançar, no entanto, tem-se aqui uma tentativa.

This work aims to identify different conceptions of space that support the concept of being
affected by dams - subjects that emerge from the contradictions within the expansion of the
energy industry in the context of the development of dependent capitalism in Brazil. The
research is a case study about the residents of the Lagoa occupation in the Jardim
Independente 1 neighborhood, in the city of Altamira, Pará. They have been organized
together with the Movement of People Affected by Dams (MAB) to be recognized as affected
by the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant, in a case that highlights the limits of the spatial
concept used by the electricity sector to define those affected. The research was based on
secondary data and semi-structured interviews with former residents of the area and other
actors involved with this process. The result of the research indicates the existence of at least
two spatial perspectives that shape the disputes around the concept of the affected: an “areal
conception of space”, which is related to the territorial-patrimonialist and water view of the
affected, prioritizing the physical aspect of space and hiding social relations; and a “human”
or “relational” conception of space, which considers the spatial effects of these large-scale
projects under the logic of totality, taking into account the social relations in the production of
space, including political determinations.

Keywords: People affected by dams, production of space, Altamira, Belo Monte
hydroelectric plant

This research investigated the geographic space from a child's perspective, having as locus the
São Joaquim Collective Urban Resettlement in Altamira-Pará, analyzing the process of
compulsory displacement experienced by resettled children due to the installation of the Belo
Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. The theoretical framework was based on studies of Urban
Geography and Geography of Childhood, the research aimed to analyze the experiences of
children residing in the Collective Urban Resettlement São Joaquim, considering their space
of origin. The methodological approach used was the qualitative ethnographic research, added
to the techniques of participant observation, semi-structured interviews and the production of
drawings, whose problem was how the compulsory displacement affected the childhood of
children residing in the Resettlement. The conclusions of this study evidenced two scenarios:
a rupture of a child's sociocultural space as a result of compulsory displacement, with
implications for the daily lives of families, in particular, for children who are the subjects of
this research, regarding the way of playing, the relationship with the river. and, on the other
hand, the realization that they are trying to reinvent new ways to develop their peer culture
and build their other geographies and spatialities in this new space.

Keywords: Infancy, children, geographic space, RUC São Joaquim, UHE Belo Monte.

This dissertation discusses the transformations that took place in the Deus é Amor community, municipality of Vitória do Xingu, with the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant, which, upon arriving in the territory, disrupted the socio-spatial organization of the families, in addition to causing a rupture with the place. and change the ways of life historically established by the subjects, contributing to the geographical movement Territorialization-Deterritorialization-Reterritorialization (TDR) in the Amazon. The community under study is part of what was demarcated by the hydroelectric project through the studies of the EIA-Rima (2009) as a rural Directly Affected Area, located in the sector referring to the Canals Reservoir. This area began to be occupied by families in the early 1980s, until 2011 had 59 families, and after the arrival of the Belo Monte HPP there were only 6 remaining families. The development of the research allowed the analysis of three central points about the object, the first with the understanding of the actions that made possible the territoriality of subjects in the Amazon (1970-2012), the second with the departure of the subjects from their historically constructed places, the deterritorialization (2011-2016) and finally the current process in which they are inserted, with the experience of progressive reterritorialization.
Keyword: Amazon; Place; Territory; Belo Monte hydroelectric plant.

The research now presented, seeks to support the idea that the landscape should be thought together with the action of public policies, assuming that one cannot fully understand the changes in the landscape without considering the participation of State policies. This study aims to understand the process of producing space in the municipality of Marabá between the years 1980 and 2019 from the changes in the landscape, considering the implementation of the Grande Carajás Program as a political event that is part of this process. The scientific investigation of this work followed the principles of landscape geoecology, having as a field of study the municipality of Marabá, in the state of Pará, in the period between the years 1980 to 2019. The data were collected through bibliographic, documentary and cartographic searches a from a methodological framework based on systemic theory. As a result, it has been observed that the landscape units analyzed in the initial time (T1), presented changes from the insertion of the PGC policy, changes that reflect in the reduction of the vegetal cover of the municipality, as well as in the expansion of consolidated and non-consolidated areas. less important, it affects the population's way of life.

Keywords: Public policy, Amazon, Marabá, systems theory, landscape.

Mining and its territorial dynamics in the Amazon, historically, are objects of analysis of geography, as well as its spatial transformations. The expansion of global capital over mineral resources has been transforming the social and environmental relations of communities, subordinated to commodities, appropriating nature to expand the capitalist logic, nature being considered a commodity, resulting in different social, economic and environmental issues. In this context, this research aims to analyze how the appropriation of the territory through the large mining companies in the Ressaca Community in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio in the state of Pará, with the implementation of the Volta Grande Project, by the Canadian company Belo Sun Mining Corporation . In order to reach the objective of this dissertation, as methodology were carried out: bibliographical research; field work; interviews and data tabulation, with the elaboration of maps and summary tables. This community was chosen because of the significant socio-territorial changes that took place with the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant and currently with the possible implementation of the Volta Grande Project in this area, justifying the need for research, precisely in an area already impacted by a major project. In contrast, to the development model, the Ressaca community claims to be heard and repaired, as to the damage it has been suffering, such as in the territory and in the way of life.

Keywords: Territory, Ressaca community, Belo Sun, Volta Grande and Socioterritorial Impacts.

A região amazônica, onde está localizada a capital paraense Belém, apresenta uma grande disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e constantes chuvas bem distribuídas ao longo do ano. Todavia, há ocorrências frequentes de interrupção no abastecimento de água. Parte de sua população não tem acesso à água em suas residências ou o fornecimento é irregular, apesar de Belém não apresentar secas meteorológicas ou hidrológicas. Com as interrupções no fornecimento de água a população necessita buscar medidas adaptativas autônomas, sem auxílio do governo ou instituições privadas, para adquiri-la, pois o elemento supracitado é essencial no cotidiano. A pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar as medidas adaptativas autônomas adotadas pela população de Belém para diminuir os transtornos vinculados a falta de água, denominada insegurança hídrica. Analisou-se, portanto, em jornais online e televisivos - no período de 2014 a 2020 - a frequência em que os bairros eram notificados, as causas da interrupção, as consequências, bem como as decisões tomadas pelos moradores para obtenção de água. O resultado obtido corresponde tanto a produção do mapa dos bairros com índice de insegurança hídrica quanto informações sobre o tempo sem abastecimento de água e as medidas adaptativas autônomas utilizadas pela população, tais como: a compra de água mineral, a captação da água da chuva e o uso da água de poço, consideradas geralmente como medidas reativas, visto que ocorrem ou no momento ou posterior a falta de água.

The Circular Campina-Cidade Velha Project started in December 2013, designed by artist
Mkiko Akaó, aiming to create cultural activities that aimed to expand the use of urban and
heritage structures in the Historic Center of Belém (CHB), especially on weekends, and
thereby stimulating the creation of cultural enterprises and associations that seek to develop
a creative economy and the tourism potential of the space. The CHB has been gaining other
dynamics due to the Circular Project, configuring new relationships between the individuals
promoting the event and the residents of the neighborhoods where it takes place, and it extends to the city in general. That is, if in the CHB relations referring to the use and appropriation
of space and heritage are formed without structured government programs, one can imagine
that policies and concise initiatives in this sense enhance the different uses that this space
has. Thus, the practices developed by the Circular Project were analyzed from the perspective
of the production of space, taking into account social subjects, symbolic constructions and the
heritage of the city. The research is directed to the dynamics of production of the CHB space
from the implementation of the Circular Project Campina-Cidade Velha, in view of the political
praxis of the relations of re-production of space and the symbolic load printed on the heritage
through the construction discursive part of the Circular Project. In this way, our main objective
analyzes the forms of use and appropriation of the patrimonialized space from the implementation of the Circular Campina-Cidade Velha Project in the CHB. As specific objectives, we
have: a) to analyze how the circular project's socio-spatial dynamics occurs in the production
of the CHB space and the city of Belém; b) Identify which power relations involve the Circular
Project and how it produces the city; and c) analyze how the project's heritage education discourse substantiates the uses of the CHB's patri-monialized space. Considering the reading
done, the discursive practice of the Circular Project is constructed in a formal and creative
way, which contributes to the reproduction of social identities, relationships, ways of knowing,
belief. We show that the relations established during the activities of the Circular Project, which
are under the context of appropriation and heritage use, depend on the coherence of ideas
and the consistency of discursive patterns (words and images) inside and outside the CHB.
Therefore, we understand that the Circular Project conceives the space from the pre-existing
public and private structures perceives in these structures new ways of acting, through the
discursive practice, and experiences the space through the activities developed by the partners.
Keywords: Production of urban space; Belém Historic Center; Campina-Cidade Velha Circular Project; Discursive construction; Patrimonial Education.

This work seeks to understand the territoriality of the different types of Carimbó in the city of Belém-PA, analyzing its origins and connections. Although originating in the interior of the state of Pará, Carimbó has maintained a strong presence in Belém since the 19th century, being present in official documents and reports related to popular festivities, especially in the peripheral neighborhoods where the black and caboclo communities lived. From 1920, an intellectual elite from Pará "rediscovered" Carimbó in its search to identify elements to compose a northern or Amazonian cultural identity, finding in the figure of the caboclo and in its cultural manifestations the support they sought to strengthen this identity. The biggest reference sought by these intellectuals was the Carimbó of the interior of the state, considered more primitive and free of influences, creating an idea of what would be the traditional Carimbó. In parallel, the Carimbó from the urban periphery, which circulated through the Peripheral Cultural Circuit, comes into contact with the musical influences received at that time by the periphery, mainly from neighboring countries and the Caribbean, through contraband routes and shortwave radios. From this process it emerges that it would be called "Modern" Carimbó. The phonographic success of the rhythm would highlight the aesthetic and sound differences between the two strands, generating controversies and ruptures. This work seeks to look at the current territoriality of Carimbó in Belém, taking into account the previous processes that influenced the current configuration of the rhythm and the emergence of its types.

The delimitation of geoenvironmental units enables knowledge of the potential and limitations of the studied physical environment, through the integration of the constituent components of the landscape, pointing out guidelines that minimize and / or avoid negative environmental impacts, subsidizing environmental planning. The objective of this research is to carry out the mapping of the Geoenvironmental Units of the Atalaia Island located in the municipality of Salinópolis PA. This island was chosen because of the significant socio-environmental changes that are currently taking place in this area, which makes it possible to perceive the negative impacts, especially in vulnerable environments, where there are contrasts in the way of using and occupying land, in urban expansion, in agricultural activities and in tourist intensification. In order to arrive at the result of the research, bibliographic surveys, Geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques were used, analysis of satellite images, fieldwork, necessary for the observation in locus and the crossing of the information obtained, which resulted in the map of Geoenvironmental Units. In this way, it was obtained the definition of four homogeneous units according to the potentialities and limitations to the processes of the physical environment and the indiscriminate use of these environments. These units were found from information on secondary materials, essential for the elaboration of the Geoenvironmental zoning proposal of the study area, which serves as a contribution in the elaboration of future plans, as well as for the purposes of rational exploration of natural resources and sustainable use in Atalaia island.

The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to present the multi-territoriality existing in the
municipalities of Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais (MG) and in Canaã dos Carajás (PA) in
the state of Pará, triggered by decision-making carried out by the interested parties considered in
the research as dominant in the surveyed municipalities. Although historical and geographical
issues change the beginning of productive life in municipalities, the direct actions developed by
power relations over the years influence the processes of territoriality, deterritoriality and
reterritoriality, using powerful tools to relax rules, laws and actions. , which although they are
considered sustainable, in practice do not add value to the local socioeconomic development,
mainly in the Social Dimension of local societies, which are, in the great majority, the most
impacted and excluded stakeholders in decision making. It is said that such actions and relations
have increasingly isolated and marginalized such societies, further aggravating relations in recent
years, due to the expansion and creation of new units of mineral production, which has been
achieved through the stakeholders with greater power of decision, postpone and make flexible the
mandatory reparatory, indemnity and compensatory processes based on conditions or conduct
adjustment terms, which will be analyzed in the present study, requiring greater attention and
performance, since the mineral resources are finite and the needs of the society they need. be
taken care of, as they are the result of pre-assumed agreements, which are not being respected,
besides irreversibly harming the Economy, the Environment, the Society and the Territories. Both
territories have the exploitation of mineral resources as their flagship, Mariana being one of the
first municipalities in Brazil to explore minerals, beginning her trajectory more than 300 years
ago, with the commercialization of gold in the colonial period, one of which was the main one
responsible for the reconstruction of the Catholic Churches of the city of Lisbon destroyed after
a great earthquake in 1755 and in 2015 the society negatively impacted directly in Mariana suffers
as a result of one of the biggest socio-environmental catastrophes of great extension in the history
of the Brazilian mining, due to the rupture of the Samarco dam, Joint Venture of the companies
Vale and BHP Billiton, however the disaster was not able to limit the growth of the mining
company, one of those responsible for the rupture of the dam, which practically a year later, the
beginning of the operation of the largest iron ore exploration plant in the world, Ferro Carajás
S11D P rojeto - Eliezer Batista, occurred in ten January 2016 in the municipality of Canaã dos
Carajás. The second municipality, although relatively new, presents constant conflicts, resulting
from disputes of power, for the use and possession of the land, involving non-conformities and
responsibilities practiced by the interested parties, which in recent years, presented new scenarios,
designed in Canaã dos Carajás, which, according to analyzes carried out in the territory, it has
negatively compromised the sustainability of the local society, located in the mining company's
area of influence, which although it has placed Canaã dos Carajás in a prominent position in the
national and international productive sector, for having the best iron ore in the world, in terms of
purity content, it also has one of the largest stocks of this ore on the planet. The Thesis presents
dualities around Mineral Plants, containing contradictions regarding the socioeconomic
development of local communities, in particular, around mineral production plants, as well as the
actions carried out by dominant stakeholders, has compromised sustainability in the territory,
which although keep the discourse of improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the
municipalities, in practice it was presented in the thesis that it did not generate the necessary
conditions for such development, having its practices contrary to the alleged intentions and
agreements, presenting dualities in the molds used, reinforcing the unsustainability, further
intensifying plus multi-territoriality.

Keywords: Multiterritoriality, Mining, Stakeholders, S11D and Sustainability.

Coastal spaces focus special attention with regard to ecological, political and social
discussions contemporary because they are areas increasingly densely populated, encompass
essential ecological functions and have huge economic importance. The production of space
on the Amazon coast points to a diversified reproduction movement, causing problems related
to the natural, social and economic dynamics, repercussions on contradictions that are
revealed in the fragility of the public actions present in the coastal municipalities. The
Municipality of Salinópolis concentrates, a diversity of socio-spatial practices marked by the
complexity of the activities established in its spatial reproduction process. This study focuses
on the territorial dynamics in the municipality of Salinópolis from the forms of use throughout
the space production process. Analyzes that the use today generates social and environmental
inconsistencies, with significant loss of its natural and landscape resources, which reveals that
coastal policies are often economistic, giving priority to certain activities such as tourism and
the urbanization. Several public actions are taking place in the municipality to manage
productive activities. These actions can cause conflicts due to the discrepancy of urban land
use that does not show concordance with social dynamics and environmental conservation.

Keywords: coastal zone; production of space; territorial dynamics.

The present work entitled “Production of Space and Social Control Violence: from functional articulation to spectacular commodification” presents a research about the relationship between the production of space and the violence of social control, on the conditions of its foundation and transformation in capitalist society. It aims to theoretically substantiate our hypothesis that the crisis of expanded reproduction of capital, manifested from the 1970s onwards, represents a turning point that leads to the production of spectacular space that starts to incorporate the violence of social control as a spectacular commodity, in order to interrupt the possibilities of an urban like the Lefebvrian utopia, as well as reproduce the social relations of capital production. In view of this objective, a bibliographic review was undertaken, presented on the form of debates, which intercross knowledge from different areas of knowledge, involving works and researchers from Geography Becker (1978), Harvey ([1989], 2012) and Trindade Jr (2016), Social Sciences, Oliveira, (2003), Shearing & Stenning (1981) and Souza (2015), Arantes Philosophy (2014), Lefebvre ([1971], 2008) and Zizek (2008), History, Liang ( 1992) and Architecture, Arantes ([1998], 2014), Benevolo ([1971], 2015) and Hall ([1988], 2016), addressing themes ranging from the urban, to the city and metropolis, violence and social control , capital reproduction and commodification processes. These, in turn, are organized into four theoretical paths that seek elements that are fundamental to the central hypothesis. Finally, after consolidating these elements, a brief conclusion and some notes for future research are presented.

Among the various challenges presented to urban planning and management, the issue of violence and the sense of insecurity in Brazilian cities stands out in relation to the whole range of urban problems in Brazil in recent years. In the last three and a half decades, homicide rates (an extreme example of violence) have widened vertiginously in the national territory, with several works in the academic literature highlighting the relationship between the escalation of violence and Brazilian urbanization, which has been characterized by peripheralization processes precarious and widening intra-urban socio-spatial inequalities. In this sense, this report seeks to present the project of the doctoral research that is developed in the Postgraduate Program in Geography (PPGEO-UFPA). Based on the question about the possibility of the Multifinal Territorial Cadastre, geoprocessing tool applied in the context of the planning and management of the urban space of Belém, to be able to contribute to the promotion of public safety in the capital of Pará, a hypothesis was elaborated that argues that this instrument can be applied on two fronts in the promotion of public safety: both in confronting direct violence (legally criminalized), by supporting the police institutions that operate in the municipality, and in mitigating structural violence (indirectly and not legally criminalized) from the support to the promotion of affirmative public policies through actions of institutions linked to other dimensions of urban planning and management, such as the modification of the organization of the forms of content of urban space in order to mitigate precariousness and socio-spatial inequalities. In this way, the research aims to understand how the Multifinal Territorial Register of the municipality of Belém can contribute to the promotion of public safety in the context of urban planning and management, focusing on the qualification of direct violence by police institutions and support to affirmative policies for the transformation of urban spatial organization aimed at mitigating socio-spatial vulnerabilities, a manifestation of structural violence, in the capital of Para. To this end, it will count on the support of analysis and bibliographical discussion for the production of theoretical and methodological reference and survey of applications of geoprocessing instruments and techniques in police action, application of semistructured interviews with professionals from public security institutions and other spheres of planning and urban management and documentary analysis of reports and manuals of the CTM of Belém and of security institutions. The first answers come from the perspective of proving the importance of understanding the phenomenon of violence not only from the events of direct violence, but also from its relation with structural violence, which is manifested as the production of precariousness and socio-spatial vulnerability that hinder or even impede the full reproduction of social groups within the real economic, political and cultural possibilities of society. Although this understanding appears in the literature on the subject of public security, state practice still focuses on a purely institutionalist approach, which considers promoting public safety only as a police case and expanding legal punishments, minimizing the complexity and the importance of the socio-spatial dimension of the phenomenon.
Keywords: Multifinal Territorial Cadastre, Direct and Structural Violence, Urban Space Planning and Management.

The spatiality of the urban dynamics of Belém and the metropolitan region has in public transport of passengers its major articulator, this movement guarantees the displacement and the mobility of the population of different areas, that are directed predominantly to the center of the metropolis. The subject, public transportation, presents a great complexity that will be approached in this research from the socio-spatial differentiation the articulating role of the public transport system, as well as the supplementation promoted by the smaller articulation of the circuits of public transportation in the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). The research addresses the identifiable territorialities of transport agents, bus companies, cooperatives, associations, and autonomous, responsible for the circulation movement in the metropolitan space. In the case of data and information organization, a large collection of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was organized considering the structuring of primary and secondary data, which, after successive geoprocessing treatments, allow for the overlapping of readings about the reality of the urban space and metropolitan area of RMB. Thus, the results of this research are broadened. It is possible to understand the role of the central area of Belém, the occupation of areas less suitable to large population groups, the process of urban growth towards the farthest districts of the center, a similar movement in the process of urban growth in the municipalities of the RMB, pari step to the role of public transport of passengers articulating these spaces, and establishing, consolidating, overlapping, alternating, reproducing territorialities among the transport agents in the process of dynamism in the metropolitan urban landscape.

The violence has been occupying and growing for decades a prominent place in the national and international scenario, be it in the media, in the increase with the public expenses or even reflecting in the behavior of the society in general. This is due to the complexity in which violence and the urban question have been related, for example, to social vulnerability, connivance to "spontaneous" settlements, as well as to violent deaths, which in a way contribute to the consolidation and territoriality of territorial agents, based on power relations, correspond to a process of affirmation of extremely worrying trend scenarios, pointing to the aggravation and, simultaneously, to the escalation of Violent Intentional Lethal Crimes (CVLI), generating new territorialities from of links with the territorialisation of territorial agents. In this way, recognizing the presence of territorial agents in the Cabanagem neighborhood, the present investigation is based on the following question: How do territorial agents exert influence in increasing the occurrence of Intentional Lethal Violence in the Cabanagem neighborhood of Belém, to 2017 We start from the idea that the actions of the territorial agents, from the territorial disputes, explain the increase of the violent deaths in the neighborhood studied. To this end, the main objective for the present Masters qualification project is to investigate the dynamics of Territorial agents and Intentional Lethal Violations between 2013 to 2017. From the power relations in the territory, in the study area. This was due to the fact that it is part of the Graduate Program of the Federal University of Pará, where, based on activities carried out in conjunction with the university, the present report was made possible, being fundamental for structuring the research, culminating in what was once developed in the first and second chapters of the dissertation and in the outline of the third.
KEY-WORDS: Urbanization, Space, Territory.

The Brazilian Amazon is largely susceptible to the occurrence of natural disasters, especially those of hydro climatic origin. The population affected by these events is generally very poor and vulnerable. One of the great dilemmas experienced in the region today is the paradox that places, on the one hand, the wealth provided by the exploitation of vast natural resources and, on the other, the poverty that subjects millions of families to misery. Due to the high percentages of people who are below the poverty line, there are many institutional initiatives that aim to minimize the harmful effects of inequality that characterizes the region, among them, the Bolsa Família direct income transfer program, which attended, in 2019, more than 2, 5 million families, which correspond to about 32% of the population of the Brazilian Amazon and who have inserted almost 7 billion reais in benefits into the local economy, in resources made available by the Union in the same year. In this sense, the objective of the present work is to analyze the efficiency of the direct income transfer policy through the Bolsa Família Program for the reduction of risks in areas exposed to natural disasters in the Brazilian Amazon in an analytical and multi-scale way. To this end, initially a theoretical-conceptual review of disasters, vulnerability, fragility and risk is carried out, as well as the phenomena related to poverty and the instruments for its reduction in Latin America and Brazil. As a result, the characterization of natural disasters in the region was carried out and the areas of greatest occurrence were identified on a regional and local scale, with the Mesoregions Centro Amazonense (AM) and Baixo Amazonas (PA) and local, the city of Alenquer (PA) as a regional cut. . Subsequently, disasters were correlated to the PBF in the two selected areas, in order to analyze the efficiency of the PBF for the reduction of natural risks at the regional and local level. The results showed that the Amazon is one of the poorest parts of the Brazilian territory and that the direct income transfer policies practiced in the region need a more specific look, which takes into account the socioeconomic, cultural and physical-natural particularities of the region. The situation of vulnerability prevails among the inhabitants of the Amazon, due to the high condition of poverty, which is exacerbated by exposure to threats derived from dangerous natural events, such as hydro climatic events. Exposure to natural disasters affects the poorest populations most devastatingly, increasing poverty in the region. Therefore, the territory must be the starting point for the application of policies aimed at reducing poverty and extreme poverty. Environmental variables and regional particularities must be part of the vulnerability measurement and identification process, as well as the adoption of more efficient criteria in the distribution of resources to the country's regions.

The studies related to islands in the Amazon, whether of greater or lesser importance, are minimal, although more than 50% of the municipalities in the Amazon coastal zone - ZCA have a territorial area composed of islands. However, the islands whose definition are portions of land surrounded by water, face numerous barriers such as isolation, development and management aspects. In this sense, the general objective of this work is to analyze the importance of islands in the Amazon coastal zone, and the relationship of development and geographic isolation on islands in the municipality of Belém - PA. The methodological procedures involved two stages, the first involved (i) Presentation to the population of the ZCA municipalities (ii); Identification of the PIB of the municipalities in the coastal zone; (iii) classification of municipalities in the coastal zone that have islands in their territorial composition; (iiii) Quantification of the total area of islands in the ZCA. The second stage consisted of a multicriteria analysis that determined the degree of isolation of the most relevant islands in the municipality of Belém - PA. The determination of the degree of isolation took into consideration two indicators: Accessibility and Connectivity and their respective variables. The data showed that the ZCA, especially the islands, has its significant relevance in terms of the economy, territorial area and PIB of the municipalities. It was also found that the most isolated islands have been boosted on different conditions of autonomy and development. Islands with a lower degree of isolation have physical connections and intense connectivity, a way in which they reduce isolation. In such connections, the islands most prone to development are not those closest to the continent, but those with the greatest service offers.

The present research intends to analyze the transformations in the territorialities of fishermen and artisanal fishermen of the municipality of Porto Grande, comprising the areas of direct influence of the hydroelectric enterprises, considering the exogenous aspects that promoted the establishment of these. Therefore, we seek to identify such factors, as well as to present the territoriality modifying effects and to point out the implications on the activity. The generation of energy from Hydroelectric Power Plants along Araguari is part of a project that aims to subsidize, as an infrastructure supporting activities such as mining, in addition to expanding the energy sector of Amapá. Despite the counterparts offered to the population, such as the reduction in energy tariff, job creation, economic and social development, expectations do not correspond to reality. What is observed is that the populations of the areas of influence suffer with aggravation on the environment, the inequality, and consequently, the impoverishment of the amapaense population. It results in the commitment of activities such as artisanal fishing, located in the area of influence of the enterprises, causing alterations in the ecosystem, causing in the escape of species, loss in the aquatic environment, besides the loss of vegetation. Therefore, the current phase of artisanal fishing in Araguari is affected by changes resulting from the transformation of the landscape as a result of the installation of hydroelectric projects and, consequently, affecting the territorial systems of artisanal fishing communities. Keywords: Amazon. Amapá. Hydroelectric. Fishing. Porto Grande.

This research presents the analysis of the landscape units of Marapanim River basin from Para State, in order to support the environmental planning of this area. This study is justified initially by the socioeconomic relevance of the intermediate region of Castanhal City, whose aspects of occupation follow the pattern of the Amazon: river - forest – city, as well as, its characteristics of land use are directly related to local economic activities such as oil palm, black pepper production, extensive livestock, family farming, flour production among others. Firstly, it was carried out a bibliographic survey about the landscape dynamics, water resources, environmental management and landscape cartography, including studies on landscape geoecology with characterization of the methodological aspects that support environmental planning, from an analysis, which were divided in organization, inventory and diagnosis. This study allowed the identification and diagnosis of landscape units in the Marapanim River basin, land use characteristics, and physiographic and socioeconomic characteristics that may be used in planning of the study area. As methodological procedures were carry out the field research, data organization for the elaboration of cartographic material of the watershed inventory, use of satellite images landsat 8 (2019), SRTM and use of SIGs to gather information. An important step of this research was elaboration of the land use maps, so that it was carried out global accuracy method, Kappa index to determine the agreement indexes between the obtained information and real one. The research results enabled the elaboration of use and occupation land maps, based on the classification of satellite images, use of Kappa index with value of 0.77 and an overall accuracy value of 85% that indicated the good agreement for the identified uses, and the identification and diagnosis of 6 landscape units. These units present the relationship between the aspects of use and occupation with the physiographic characteristics that lead to a need to consider the geoecological potentials of each landscape unit to accomplish an environmental planning in accordance with the resource and local characteristics. Keywords: Landscape. Landscape Units. Hydrographic basin. Environmental planning.

The research is about the water catchment area of the Araguari river, in Amazônia Amapaense, which is the largest water system in the area, width and volume of water, with approximately 41,903km² occupying 1/3 of the state area. Its springs located in the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park, make up the main course of the Araguari River that will cover a distance of 300 km until its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean in direction NW-SE cutting the state latitudinally and draining with its waters the municipalities of Serra do Navio , Pedra Branca do Amaparí, Porto Grande, Serra do Navio, Cutias do Araguari and Tartarugalzinho. The mean and high angular convergence of its canals, added to its dense mixed or rectilinear meanders, are directly related to the variation of the morphostructural compartments that make up the basin and are directly influenced by a morphothectonic process still active in the pre-holocene phase. As a result, the coastal plain composes one of these geomorphological units, that is, still composed of Holocene sediments that characterize an evolution of the estuarine system and related to its depositional events. Besides the middle and upper portion of the basin, it is composed of pre-Cambrian and Tertiary rocks belonging to the Barreiras Group and Guianense Complex, and characterized by crystalline basement (granulites, granites and gneisses). Its morphostructural characteristics, together with an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,800 mm / year, influence the phytogeographic diversity of the forest along the basin, composed of a dense Ombrophylous Forest upstream, Cerrado Arbório Arbustivo and Cerrado Park in the middle, and field and forest of lowland and lowland mangroves. The history of the use and occupation of this basin is directly related to the political actions of intervention in this territory, in which the national and international conservationist moment in the 1980s and 1990s, materialized the creation of extensive and varied national, state and municipal conservation units , as well as areas for agrarian reform, indigenous lands and quilombolas, small urban centers and rural areas, making up an area of more than 50% of the basin. On the other hand, it encouraged the installation and potentiated the use of natural resources in front of areas discovered by these federated environmental territories. In fact, it hosted the first multinational company for the mineral exploitation of manganese (1957) and the Hydroelectric Power Plant Coracy Nunes (1974). In addition, the Araguari ecosystem has been heavily influenced by the extensive silvicultural and planting of grain crops since 1970, mainly occupying regions of dissected and conserved trays coated with cerrado, and the presence of bubalinocultura and artificializing the environment, cultures, societies and economies, re-producing spaces and relations of power that will manifest in the landscape within a holistic and systemic vision. Therefore, this work has the perspective of fostering spatial ordering through an integrated environmental assessment, analyzing the spatial self-correlation of multiple physical, social and economic variables, spatially modeling the fragility of these environments under an ecodynamic perspective, designing in the end a plan environmental management of the Araguari river basin in Amapá. Keywords: Hydrographic Basin. Araguari River. Amapá. Ecodynamics. Landscape.

 The expansion of the Amazonian economic frontier, especially in the 1960s, led to the restructuring of Amazonian cities, especially in the urban network and the importance of these cities in the logic of capitalism. From this process of expansion of the economic frontier cities have gained new roles in capitalist logic. In this context, we highlight Altamira (PA), which plays a role as a polo city of the Region of Integration of the Xingu, where residents of neighboring cities seek to use public services and commerce that they can not find in their cities. In this sense, both the lower and upper economy of the city has a role of relevance in the State, Federal and World Scale. From this perspective, the aim is to understand the role and importance of the city of Altamira for the national economy, through the superior circuit of the urban economy; and also seeks to verify if the installation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant has altered the city's economy and if the city's economy has undergone a restructuring to meet the implementation of this space object. Considering the socioeconomic importance of Altamira for the region of integration of the Xingu, in the present dissertation, the researched topic is presented; the introduction, with the following elements of the research: central problem, objectives, hypothesis, justification and methodological procedures used in the dissertation; the first, second and third chapter, with the systematization of the research, in which the first chapter presents a bibliographical review about the concept of the economy circuit developed by Milton Santos to analyze the economy of the underdeveloped countries, the second chapter seeks to survey about the and the third chapter presents the main components of the upper circuit of the urban economy of the city of Altamira-Pará, as it was transformed from 2000 to 2018 and how the relationships of horizontality and verticality are established.
Keywords:Amazônia; Superior circuit of the economy; Altamira and Belo Monte HPP.

This work is a contribution to the reading of urban movements from Geography. In view of a concrete case, the objective is to analyze how the territorialization of the struggle for housing occurs, starting an urban occupation in the insular portion of the city of Belém-PA in the recent context of urban transformations resulting from the development of metropolitan dispersion accentuated in the 1980s. In the first theoretical moment there is the debate about the metropolization linked to the discussions about the struggle for housing, the right to the city and urban resistance processes. Soon after (in the chapter IV), in the light of this tool, we performed the field work; bibliographic sources of Geography and Social Sciences were used; by means of sampling, we applied questionnaires and interviews. We have seen that the tactical and strategic expedients of an urban social movement at the beginning of the on-screen case were imbued with insurgent spatial practices that shaped dissident territories within the metropolis as a counter-hegemony to the violation of constituted rights. From 2011 to the presents days, however, the wear and tear seems to be much more evident in the movement of housing, which has led to the verification of our initial hypothesis - due to both the intensification of urban predation and the identified patronage. We conclude by pointing to the consideration of multiterritorialities in metropolitan urban planning. In this sense, the importance of geographic reading on the collective actions engendered by social movements in order to approach them, to understand them in a conjuncture of challenges imposed by capitalism, where both the geographers and the movements can cooperate to realize the right to City and more socio-spatial justice.
Keywords: Urban Social Movements; Metropolization process;.Right to the City; Belém; Caratateua.

This research presents an analysis about flooding processes in the urban area of Ferreira Gomes in Amapá related to the hydroelectric projects in the middle course of the Araguari River, which bathes the entire border of the town. In order to understand the dimension of the environmental and social exposure involved, the studies were based on the geosystemic theory of landscape analysis, where the different elements that compose the system are observed from the dynamics of the relationships between these and the effects to the environment. In addition, a historical survey was taken on hydroelectric projects in the Brazilian Amazon region, the impacts and risks associated with the implementation of large projects in order to support the understanding of the use of natural resources from the point of view of environmental management. The concepts and methodology presented here were based on the environmental diagnosis of the area, through the biophysical characterization of the urban perimeter of Ferreira Gomes and field activity where sector files were filled out, with observations of environmental aspects and collection of images of the current scenario of the area. This survey allowed the classification in sectors with different degrees of flooding risks, considering elements such as the constructive pattern of the dwellings and the proximity to the river. In this way, the conditions of reception and resilience of the population and of the public and private entities involved in emergency situations are analyzed and as environmental diagnosis and risk mapping studies can assist in the development of impact management strategies.
Tags: Amazon, Flood, Geosystems, Hydroelectric, Araguari River.

The process of patrimonialization can be characterized as a vector that contributes considerably to the production of urban space, based on urban transformations and proposals, where we observe actions aimed at the preservation, valorization or re-signification of the patrimony. Observing its importance for the socioeconomic dynamics of the city, this study aims to analyze the production of space on the edge of the Historic Center from the process of patrimonialization, to achieve this goal the research presents the following questions: How has the patrimonialisation process influenced the production of living spaces and designed on the edge of the CHB? What are the main agents that contribute to the process of production of the space in the border? What strategies of use and appropriation are adopted and the possible conflicts between the agents that produce patrimonial spaces? The methodological procedures followed were: theoretical-conceptual bibliographic review, documentary analysis, cartographic production, survey and photographic record, as well as fieldwork in the area of the object of study and interviews directed to the agents of space production. Thus, the analysis of this process makes it possible to understand the political strategies for cultural heritage from the urban interventions, the understanding of the importance of each agent and how they appropriate these spaces, even with the conflicts caused by the intense transformations in the edge space.

It is understood that the city is not characterized as a through and finished mold, serving only as a stage for the performance of society, contrariwise, is a reflection of the social relations existing in it. Embedded in the idea that space is a 'condition' for nature and society to exist, a 'means' for it to reproduce and at the same time 'product' of its actions and transformations (LEFEBVRE, 2008), we consider space dynamic, produced by different agents and in constant structuring process. Based on these affirmations, the main objective of this work is to understand the process of production of the urban space of Castanhal / PA from different urban settlement spaces, analyzing the territorial expansion and the effects on the daily life of the residents. The city is part of the Metropolitan Region of Belém - MRB, but still has its own centrality, polarizing fourteen cities to the surroundings, according to the study of REGIC 2007 (Region of Influence of Cities) and characterizing itself as a Sub-regional Center A. This dual dynamic presented by Castanhal results from its historical process of formation that helped to highlight the city as a center, according to Ribeiro (2017) it was: the construction of the Bragança Railway – BR; the withdrawal of BR and subsequent implementation of the BR-316; and the strong metropolitan dispersion process that the city has suffered, which resulted in its inclusion in the MRB in 2011. Thus, each element that was highlighted contributed to the organization of the Castanhal spatial forms, resulting in the urban-regional complexity in which it today it presents, for example, the structuring of urban settlement spaces, produced by different agents, some of them: the State, implanting the constructions by the My House My Life - MHML Program; the private real estate capital, with the medium and high standard enterprises, such as the large closed condominiums; and the socially excluded population, that organizes their homes from self-construction, located in irregular areas. We can verify, from the analysis of the structuring of these enterprises, the intense process of production of the urban fabric of the city composed of the actualization logic and the spatialization of these agents, that despite working in nearby areas, modify and structure this space in a different way, looking for, analyze this process and the effects on the daily lives of the residents.
Keywords: Castanhal; Production of space; Structuring; Daily life.

ABSTRACT The floods and floods that occur in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, usually bring with them environmental, social and economic problems that directly influence the dynamics of the city, as well as of the individuals who live or travel in it. In view of the above, several studies on the occurrence of these events in the municipality were produced, these studies usually address topics such as natural or anthropic characteristics that give rise to or intensify the occurrence of these disasters in Belém, and the vulnerability of the population to these phenomena. However, there is no research on one of the key elements for the characterization of risk, threat, disaster and vulnerability, Time. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to understand the influence of time on the characterization and analysis of natural disasters, by investigating the problem of areas with greater flood and flood records in Belém. greater recurrence of floods or floods in the municipality, which were used as a case study of this study; to delimit the influence of time on the threat (flood and/or flood) and to analyze the influence of time on vulnerability (exposure, resilience and susceptibility) of the inhabitants of Belém to these disasters. The results indicate that the approach of Time is necessary to understand the context of disaster and the vulnerability of the population to the occurrence of floods or floods in Belém, consequently, it is also relevant for the development of strategies, by the State, aimed at minimizing or solving the vulnerability of these citizens to these harmful events.
Keywords: Time. Natural disasters. Vulnerability. Floods and Floodplain.

The district of São João do Abade, study area of the present research, in the municipality of Curuçá, is one of the main fisheries warehouses of the region. With a diversity of refrigerators, as well as warehouses and the municipal market itself, it is able to add relevance to the development of the fishing industry. In Curuçá, commercial fishing of the artisanal type is practiced, according to Article 8 § 1 of Law No. 11. 959 of June 29, 2009. This dissertation research started from the premise that these artisanal commercial fishermen are divided in two distinct groups in Curuçá: the autonomous fishermen and the fishermen subordinated to the masters in which both sell their fish in the district of St. John of the Abbot. The morreteros who reside in the Abbot and who have their origins in the municipality of Bragança verbally hire by the aviamento these fishermen that in their majority are also of other municipalities of the northeast part of Pará, whereas the autonomous fishermen, of curuçaense origin for the most part, seek to break with this dependence on the intermediaries made by marreteiros or regatões in the fish trade. The present dissertation states that the territorial conflicts between these two social segments are placed in this way due to the dispute for the consumer markets of fish and also for the species of greater commercial value. In order to maintain and survive as a social segment in the fishing activity, these two groups develop territorial strategies and to analyze these pragmatic actions and the conflicts between the agents involved was used as a research methodology in this study the participatory mapping with the aid of the Global Positioning System (GPS) along with these social actors in addition to structured interviews with observations in questionnaires and photographic records in loco of the reality of the research.
Keywords: Territories. Fishing. Curuçá. Saint John of the Abade. Amazon.

With its fragile ecosystem, due to its great biodiversity, the coastal zone is considered to be one of the most physically and socioeconomically vulnerable environments. In addition to the natural hazards (floods), coastal zones are in increasing occupation. in the case of the coast of Pará, that its coastal zone, was connected by the rivers with the capital, facilitating its initial occupation, its intensification was due to the tourist and economic practices, which increased its vulnerability, intensifying the problems related to the floods. This is the case of the district of Marudá in the municipality of Marapanim, the municipality is located in the northeast mesoregion of Pará, with a population of 26,605 inhabitants. It consists of four districts, where the spatial analysis is the district of Marudá, also known as coast of the salty Paraense that presents / displays to the recesses or "false estuaries", that serve as sewer for the rivers that are born in the coastal plateau. In this area the disorderly growth in the coastal cities predominates with the grounding of mangroves. It should be noted that the problem of flooding is a Brazilian reality that causes great disruption to the coastal population, which causes negative impacts and consequently their imbalance, generating vulnerable areas and potential risks for the local population. Thus the research intends to carry out a diagnosis of potential flood risk in the district of Marudá, facing the occupation dynamics. With this, this report presents the introduction, objectives, justification and methodological procedures of the dissertation. Where the first chapter is a bibliographical review on the coastal environment and its morphodynamics, together with the analysis of the concepts and classification of the risks.
Keywords: coastal morphology, coastal, vulnerability

The main importance of buffer zones (ZA) in Conservation Units is precisely the protection of
the unit and its environment in the management of natural resources in a sustainable way,
aiming to reduce the pressure that human activities exert on the unity. In the specific case of
the ZA of the RESEX Marinha de São João da Ponta, this pressure is mainly related to the
growth of agriculture and the expansion of the urban area, to the detriment of the reduction of
vegetation areas (dense alluvial forest and mangrove). The large mosaic of RESEX fragments
located in the coastal zone of the state of Pará. The objective of this dissertation was to
evaluate the landscape dynamics based on the multitemporal evaluation of land use and
coverage, later applying the landscape metrics to understand structure. The use of landscape
metrics allowed us to evaluate that despite the reduction of vegetation areas, a high number of
fragments of less than five hectares was found, allowing us to infer that it is necessary to
strengthen environmental control in these areas. Monitoring the buffer zone (ZA) of
conservation units is essential for the management and protection of biodiversity, especially
when dealing with the different types of land use found in the Amazon. It was verified
through the landscape metrics related to area indices (CA) and (PP) and size (NP) and (MPS),
that mainly fragments of vegetation smaller than ten hectares (> 10 ha) are more prone to
shredding and the loss of connectivity, that is, they are priority areas for public policies of
environmental protection, these smaller fragments suffer greater pressure from agriculture,
observed from remote sensing data. As a result of this discussion, the development of the
Project Orbital Monitoring of Damping Zones in Conservation Units (MOZAUC) is proposed
as a technical cooperation with ICMBio/São João da Ponta, since it collaborates greatly for
the environmental management and modernization of management processes. Finally, the
study of the dynamics of the landscape in the vicinity of RESEX Marinha de São João da
Ponta contributed to the management of the unit, as it enabled the evaluation and monitoring
of local biodiversity pressures through the analysis of landscape dynamics.

Keywords: Ecology of Landscape; Geoprocessing; Extractive reserve; Coastal Zone
Paraense; Environmental Geography.

The deterritorialization suffered by children and adolescents in the city of Altamira,
Sudoeste Paraense, triggered drastic ruptures in the living conditions of children and
adolescents, especially in the prevailing materialities and immaterialities. In this
premise, the objective is to analyze the territorialities of such subjects / social actors
in the RUC Jatobá. However, such analysis is a challenge because, in the Brazilian
academic world, there is a lack of sciences in discussions undertaken in the defense
of children and adolescents, especially in Geography, in considering these subjects /
actors as protagonists and participants in life as a whole , and how, objects of
scientific research. In the meantime, this dissertation is supported, using Dialectic as
a method to analyze the territorialities of children and adolescents in the Jatobá
Collective Urban Resettlement, due to the deterritorialization caused by Belo Monte
HPP. In this way, semi-structured interviews with the children and adolescents
subjects were taken as methodological procedures, a documentary survey was
carried out through the public bodies installed in the JUC-Jabobá as the Day Care
Center and the Health Unit, data and interviews with members of the Movement of
People Affected by Dam (MAB) and the Tutelar Council of Altamira. Obtaining as a
result different territorialities, but with ruptures in the immaterial bases, fragile and
insecure as far as the re-production of the social space in not feeling belonged there
is a territory-place. It is important to stress that this dissertation was executed with
the support of the Study Group on Territorial Dynamics and Development in the
Amazon (GEDTAM-UFPA Altamira).
Keywords: Altamira-PA, Territory, Territorialities, Children and Adolescents, Belo
Monte HPP.

Isolation in island territories in Chile can be found in areas of connectivity, economic, productive, social and even cultural factors; based on the interdependence of the population, on natural resources to meet their own needs. Therefore, this research identifies the degree of isolation of the municipalities of the Province of Chiloé (Region of "Los Lagos", Chile), developing as a result a methodology that allows to recognize and compare the degree of isolation of each communal area, through analyzes of the variables of connectivity and presence of services in the territory, followed by the perception of the population in its isolated geographic space, and the coastal management processes that are developed within the provincial area; according to the socioeconomic activities carried out in the coastal limit. Understanding, therefore, the condition of isolation of the provincial territory as a characteristic of its insularity, which is linked to the accessibility of the population to the services present in each communal space and demonstrating the communes of Puqueldón and Dalcahue with the highest degree of isolation in the Province of Chiloé. Keywords: Accessibility. Local Development. Insularity. Insulation. Coastal Zone.

The historical process of occupation of the Amazon was the object of many conflicts
and transformations between them the process of colonization of the Transamazônica in
the 1970s, where it suffered drastic and irreversible alterations in its landscape through
the incentives of the national policy, in which the advance of the agricultural frontier
and the introduction of livestock introduced in originally forest areas. It is assumed,
then, that the transformations in the landscape dynamics of the study area are related to
the anthropic occupation in the regional-local context, where an analysis of the
transformation occurred in the landscape and the cumulative changes due to time are
sought. responsible for the dynamics of the physical environment and consequently alter
the relation Nature Society. Based on the bibliographical survey and empirical research
in the Princesa do Xingu agrovila located geographically in the municipality of
Altamira, the objective is to analyze the transformations occurring in the dynamics of
the Xingu Princesa agrovila landscape. When studying this transformation of the
landscape, it was decided to take as reference the main social agents that propel local
development, because they are important elements of change, as far as environmental
aspects are concerned, as well as social ones. Methodologically, 52 families from a total
of 83 residing in the agrovila were interviewed, totaling 323 residents, characterizing
62% of the universe of this research. The environmental problems resulting from human
action at the local level may interfere with the dynamics of the landscape and the
agricultural production and maintenance of these agrovilas may be interfering with the
continuity of the agricultural potential of the agrovilas.
Key-words: Agrovila, landscape, transformations, rural.

This paper deals with urban planning and management and its relationship
with memory. The objective of the same is the analysis of the management of the
former mayor of Belém Edmilson Rodrigues in the years of 1997 to 2004 and the
relation of the same with the memory of the Cabana Revolution. The qualitative
research is a management analysis, a case study, and for this we have used extensive
bibliographical research to understand the Cabana Revolution, the concept of memory,
the concept of urban planning and management, its variables and perspectives. The
need to master the concept refers to the demand for analysis of the management of
the city of Belém between the years of 1997 and 2004 and how this popular
revolutionary memory was spatialized in the city, an analysis made with the reading of
Souza (2011), Santos (2005), Moreira (2012 and 2014), Vainer (2002), Maricato (2002),
Rolnik (1990, 1994 and 2003), grounding the criticism against physical and territorial
management (Souza, 2011) (Maricato, 2002), or even a market town (Souza, 2011),
based on the spirit of the city as a country, a company and a commodity (Vainer,
2002). city that invests of Cabana, in the speech, for second Edmilson Rodrigues, to
create a relation of belonging with the city and of appropriating itself taking care of the
directions of the city. After a long bibliographical and documentary analysis, semistructured
interviews were conducted with the former mayor of Belém of the period in
question, where together with the theoretical analysis it was possible to identify the
material elements of management, the spatialities of the management mode, (Souza,
2011), in ways that in addition to the criticisms and ponderings had a character built
on the basis of dialogue, participation and social control of the works and management
of the city.
KEY WORDS: Urban Planning and Management, Urban Management, Memory, Cabana
Revolution and Participative Management.

According to the Brazilian legislation provided in the National System of
Conservation Units (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação - "SNUC") (Law
No. 9.985/2000) Conservation Units are protected territorial areas by public power.
They can divide in Full Protection Conservation Unit and Sustainable Use. In the
Brazilian State of Para, the regulation of the creation and the appropriateness of the
Conservation Units to "SNUC", occurred from the creation State System of
Conservation Units (Sistema Estadual de Unidades de Conservação - "SEUC") (Law
No. 5.887/1995). In relation to the Full Protection Conservation Units, in the category
of State Parks, four parks have already been created for the State of Para: Utinga State
Park, Serra of Martírios/Andorinha State Park, Monte Alegre State Park and Charapucu
State Park. However, in this article we will present the results of the studies developed
in the Utinga State Park (Parque Estadual do Utinga – "PEUT") that was created in
1993, it currently has 1393.87 hectares. It is standing at the Metropolitan Region of
Belen, Para being the main supplier of water in the city where the issue of this research
has focused on the anthropic actions that happen in the surrounding and particularly
inside the park. It can modify the Use of the Land and Vegetation throughout from the
creation of the park to 2015, focusing on: assessing the transformation of the Use of the
Land and Vegetation in the Utinga State Park between the periods of 1993-2004-2015,
with the purpose of subsidizing with information that contributed for Planning and
Management in the Conservation of the Ecosystems and Forests in Preservation in Full
Protection Conservation Units of Brazil. The images Landsat 5 e 8 were used
classifying them in the categories: water, building, vegetation, aquatic, forest, disturbed
vegetation and agricultural. Next, the "Protocol for the Evaluation of Use of the Land
and Vegetation in Natural Federal Protected Areas of Mexico" was applied using the
last three categories mentioned to make an overlapping between the years researched
thus to identify the transformations of deforestation, disruption, recovery and revegetation.
Therefore, it was determined that respectively for the 1993-2004-2015 in the
Utinga State Park, the forest type covered 55.61 %, 59.61 % and 65.06 %, the disturbed
vegetation bridged 13.85 %, 7.82 %, 7.37 %, and the agricultural kind comprised 2.65
%, 1.83 % and 0.43 %. Whereas for the periods 1993-2004 and 2004-2015 it was
estimated that respectively, the areas with re-vegetation encompassed 0.7 % and 1.44 %,
with recovery 5.65 % and 2.10 %, with disruption 0,58 % and 0.96 % and the
deforestation maintained with 0.04 % for both years. As well as, rates of transformation
for the Forest sort of 9.74 % for the period 1993-2004 and 9.92% for the period 2004-
2015, showing a constant increase of the Vegetational Forest.
Key Words: Conservation Units, Full Protection, Use of the Land and
Vegetation, Utinga State Park.

The present study addresses with the direct relationship between landscape and politics.
In this way we seek to unite the contributions on such categories to analyze the spatial
dynamics of Moju municipality in the XXI century, based on the idea that changes in
the landscape are structured from certain policies exercised in this territory. The
objectives of the research pervades by: to relate the categories rural landscape and State
policy, taking as its focus the municipality of Moju; understand how the landscape
trajectory follows in close connection with the policy trajectory and analyze how the
national policies in the region influenced the use and coverage of land in such
municipality. We represent the relationships between landscape and politics in the form
of a mosaic that synthesizes the various uses of the soil, constructed historically and still
present in the current period. As methodology departed from the theoretical analysis
performed based on articles, dissertations, books and websites; followed for the
elaboration of landscape research mosaics and data tables generated in interaction with
the obtained images, characterizing the bias of the research on the changes that
occurred. It is understood that the period of expansion of notable productions in the
state of Pará consecrates some municipalities, among them is Moju, with emphasis
currently in the cultivation of oil palm. In this way, it became necessary to address
programs that install in the region and the temporality that such facts occur, highlighting
the Amazon Development Plans as a starting point, Related to the later as the National
Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) acting directly on the cut of
study, specifying its importance and what changes occur from it.
Keywords: Landscape; Policy; Moju; Amazon

It focuses a geographical situation in the quilombo of Africa and Laranjituba, municipality of
Moju / Abaetetuba (PA). The spatial practices of the Logistics Investment Program (PIL)
conception based on the idea of empty space are emphasized and how this collides with the
dimension of the lived space of the quilombo communities. It is a program that considers
space as an area and announces, at the level of the "psychosphere", the construction of the
Açailândia (MA) - Barcarena (PA) Railway that interferes in the area. It is intended, therefore,
to reflect on the relationship between space and politics. The analytical methodology adopted
considers the existence of an initial geographical situation where landscape, spatial
configuration and the social dynamics of quilombola rural populations suffer the interference
of the perspective of the construction of the railroad, producing dialectically territorial
strategies of resistance that are manifested in the (re) organization of the Amazonian space.

The purpose of this dissertation is to concentrate studies on the municipal rural territory of
Santo Antonio do Tauá, Metropolitan Meso-region of Belém, Northeast of the State of Pará.
The central question is related to the transformations in this space and the capacity of the
public power in manage its available resources and thus promote local development
considering its economic conditions of human occupation based on the primary sector. At the
heart of the debate are the dynamics that affect this area and, in fact, it imposes itself as
challenges to municipal public management and its capacity to establish itself through the
political decentralization adopted by the 1988 constitution, which opened space for a work of
the populations The most significant issues present in their realities. However, the evident
findings in loco account for the fact that the sector of strong small municipal agricultural
tradition, suffers from a certain decline, even though it still presents a prominent agricultural
productivity in the state of Pará. With a view to the elaboration of a reading about this reality
will be appropriate secondary data obtained with the IBGE, in addition to the figures provided
by other sources linked to this economic sector. Finally, the geographic theoretical reading
here on this administrative unit will support the discussion of the territory as a socioproductive
base and open the possibility to understand the results of the various processes that
have been imposed on the rural area of Santo Antônio do Tauá intervening directly in its
capacity Local development.